BACKGROUND Globally, there has been growing evidence that suggests the effectiveness of active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) in high-risk populations. However, the evidence is still insufficient as to whether ACF increases case notification beyond what is reported in the routine passive case finding (PCF). In Cambodia, National TB Control Programme has conducted nationwide ACF with X...

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends routine household tuberculosis contact investigation in high-burden countries but adoption has been limited. We sought to identify barriers to and facilitators of TB contact investigation during its introduction in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS We collected cross-sectional qualitative data through focus group discussions and interviews with stake...

Public health contact investigations are conducted to find persons who have been exposed to patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and to evaluate and treat those contacts for TB infection and active TB. Persons in close (i.e., prolonged, frequent, or intense) contact with patients with active TB are at high risk for TB infection. The risk for TB infection is increased greatly if the close cont...

Human beings are an incredibly social species and along with eusocial insects engage in the largest cooperative living groups in the planet's history. Twin and family studies suggest that uniquely human characteristics such as empathy, altruism, sense of equity, love, trust, music, economic behavior, and even politics are partially hardwired. The leap from twin studies to identifying specific g...

We document the inßuence of local unemployment, political orientation and socio-economic background on individual citizen’s government support. From the point of view of the responsibility hypothesis, the inßuence of the local unemployment on the respondent’s government approval likelihood is somewhat confusing. During the right government the high local unemployment does not decrease responden...

OBJECTIVE To assess tuberculosis control in the Central Health Region, Catalonia, Spain, from the implementation of the area's Tuberculosis Control Program in 1986 until the year 2000. METHOD To study the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis and the outcome of the following control measures in sputum smear-positive patients: final outcome of treatment and monitoring, and the percentage of ...

This chapter discusses the implications of the results of the studies described in this thesis. First, a summary is given of the results of the previous chapters. Summary As a prelude to the subsequent analyses, Chapter two addressed the co-morbidity between anxiety and depression, by reviewing empirical evidence regarding mechanisms that might underlie the frequent co-morbidity within anxiety ...

Suicidal behavior is transmitted within families, above and beyond the transmission of psychiatric disorder. The familial phenotype of suicidal behavior includes suicide completion and attempts, but not suicidal ideation, the latter of which is transmitted along with depression. The familial transmission of early-onset suicidal behavior is co-transmitted with, and appears to be mediated by the ...

The early and late benign occipital epilepsies of childhood (BOEC) are described as two discrete electro-clinical syndromes, eponymously known as Panayiotopoulos and Gastaut syndromes. Our aim was to explore the clinical features, classification and clinical genetics of these syndromes using twin and multiplex family studies to determine whether they are indeed distinct. Sixteen probands includ...

In a genetic epidemiology study of a trait, prior to collecting genotype data the foremost task is to test for familial aggregation and examine heritability. Recently, functional traits have drawn attentions from investigators. Here, to test for familial aggregation of a functional trait in the family studies, a test constructed based on the leading functional principal component of heritabilit...