Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and inspired oxygen fraction (F(IO(2))) are the primary means of improving P(aO(2)) during mechanical ventilation. Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) typically present with a large intrapulmonary shunt, which makes even high F(IO(2)) ineffective in improving P(aO(2)). PEEP decreases intrapulmonary shunt by recruiting collapsed alveol...

There is an increasing interest in dynamic systems and controls of noninteger orders or fractional orders. Clearly, for closed-loop control systems, there are four situations. They are 1) IO (integer order) plant with IO controller; 2) IO plant with FO (fractional order) controller; 3) FO plant with IO controller and 4) FO plant with FO controller. However, from engineering point of view, doing...

In the industrial automation domain, an embedded system must not only fulfill its functionality, but also has to satisfy additional requirements, particularly with respect to real-time aspects. Given their often distributed fashion, a key aspect of industrial automation systems is the communication infrastructure. PROFINET IO modifies traditional Ethernet to fulfill the challenging requirements...

Allowing higher-priority requests to preempt ongoing disk IOs is of particular benefit to delay-sensitive multimedia and real-time systems. In this paper we propose Semi-preemptible IO, which divides an IO request into small temporal units of disk commands to enable preemptible disk access. We present main design strategies to allow preemption of each component of a disk access—seek, rotation, ...

The role of radiotherapy (RT) in immunotherapy-based (IO) combinatory approaches to advanced NSCLC is still uncertain due its dual immune -suppressive and -stimulatory effect. We performed a longitudinal peripheral blood (PB) analysis determine whether RT, by affecting cell phenotypes dynamics, impacts on clinical outcome IO-treated patients. PB samples were prospectively collected at baseline ...

Optimality Theory assumes the candidate set generated for any given input is of infinite cardinality. If all of the candidates in the candidate set were potential winners (optimal candidates under some ranking), then OT would have predicted an infinite typology— there would be infinitely many possible languages. However, Samek-Lodovici and Prince (1999) have shown that in standard OT (with only...

The critical maturation time of central otolith neurons in processing spatial orientations was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. With the use of immuno-hybridization histochemical methods, we observed c-fos expression in vestibular nuclear neurons responding to transverse movement on the horizontal plane as early as P7 and those to antero-posterior stimulation as early as P9. In the inferior oli...

This paper presents the next generation AC IO Loopback design for two Intel processor architectures. Both designs detect I/O defects with 20 ps resolution and 50 ps jitter for up to 800 MHz bus speed. Even though the implementations differ in some aspects to accommodate two different bus architectures, the same prudent considerations for high speed operation, minimum test inaccuracy, and low im...

The problem of redistributing IO from bondpads on the periphery of an IC to an array of solder bumps occurs frequently in MCM layout. We show that the commonly held belief that providing enough escapes at the perimeter of the array is not suucient to guarantee routability of the design. We analyze the Even Wiring Distribution (EWD) routing heuristic and show that it produces designs whose criti...

The current deployment of petascale systems and the promise of future exascale systems have created unprecedented challenges in how to manage failures in such systems. While many parallel file systems provide some sort of redundancy mechanism to cope with failures, such systems rely heavily on a hardware-based solution such as RAID. In this paper, we propose a block replication approach to stor...