Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development because of inadequate thyroid hormone production. Four methods are generally recommended for assessment of iodine nutrition: urinary iodine concentration, thyroid size, and blood concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroglobulin. Iodine intakes < or = 1 mg/d are well tolerated by most adults, because the thyr...

OBJECTIVE To determine how iodine deficiency and endemic goitre disappeared in Britain. DESIGN Review of surveys of endemic goitre and iodine nutrition. MAIN RESULTS Endemic goitre was widespread in Britain but has declined, most notably since the 1960's. Its disappearance was probably due to changes in farming practice, especially iodine supplementation in dairy herds which has resulted in...

Iodine is a micronutrient essential for the production of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide. Universal salt iodization (USI) has been introduced in many countries as a cost-effective and sustainable way to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders for more than 25 years. Currently, the relationship between USI and iodine excess h...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iodine and/or selenium deficiency on cerebral enzyme levels/ activities responsible for xenobiotic metabolism on rats. Three-week old male Wistar rats were used and feeding period was 7-weeks. Selenium deficiency was introduced by a diet containing <0.005 mg/kg selenium, and iodine deficiency was produced by sodium perchlorate containing d...

Goitre is the most common and visible ill-effect of iodine deficiency. A less obvious but more serious condition affecting millions of iodine deficient children includes impaired mental function, poor intellectual performance, lowered 10,. muscular disorders and impaired coordination and sluggishness. In pregnancy, iodine deficiency causes spontaneous abortions, still births and infant deaths.

Iodine deficiency can be defined as the world's greatest single cause of preventable brain damage. Fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism, caused by iodine deficiency can be prevented prior to conception and then during pregnancy and lactation when an adequate iodine supplementation is ensured. Extremely low birth weight preterm babies risk having a negative iodine balance status in the first weeks ...

After a successful programme to prevent iodine deficiency disorders in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 1990s and early 2000s, evidence emerged that urine iodine levels in the population were falling. This paper reviews efforts to monitor and enforce the iodization of salt production and shows the resulting improvements in iodization levels of factory table Salt and in urine iodine concentra...

Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem for populations throughout the world, particularly for pregnant women and young children. They are a threat to the social and economic development of countries. Goitre is the most visible manifestation of IDD. Endemic goitre results from increased thyroid stimulation by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to maximize the utilization of available ...

Iodine is required for the production of thyroid hormones, which are essential for normal brain development, and the fetus, newborn, and young child are particularly vulnerable to iodine deficiency. The iodine requirement increases during pregnancy and recommended intakes are in the range of 220-250 microg/day. Monitoring iodine status during pregnancy is a challenge. New recommendations from W...