Building on work of Tyagi (2005), we present expressions for calculating the corner ion, edge-center ion, and face-center ion Madelung constants for bulk sodium chloride crystals. In [1], Crandall gives a historical overview of attempts to evaluate the Madelung constant for bulk ionic crystals. For sodium chloride he gave an expression for this in terms of the following series.

CONTRIBUTING REVIEWERS The editors of BMC Family Practice would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 16 (2015).

Twenty-four general-practice trainees were assessed at the beginning and end of their training year. They improved significantly in their factual recall and problem-solving ability. Sixteen young principals who had had an unstructured training for general practice were assessed at the same time and were initially of the same standard but their results showed no difference over the same year.

Two properties render electrolyte theories difficult, namely the long-range nature of the Coulomb interactions and the high figures of the Coulomb energy at small ion separations. In solvents of low dielectric constant, where the Coulomb interactions are particularly strong, electrical conductance and dielectric spectra suggest that the ion distribution involves dipolar ion pairs, which then in...

Lithium battery state of health (SOH) is a key parameter to characterize the actual life. SOH cannot be directly measured. In order further improve accuracy estimation lithium batteries, model combining incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and bidirectional long- short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural networks based on characteristic parameters proposed predict lithium-ion batteries. First, are init...

This article reports on a pilot vocational study programme for provision of antenatal services in the general practice environment. The concurrent evaluation study assessed practice nurses' experiences of undertaking the pilot programme, the level and applicability of the content, and the mode of delivery. General practitioners' understanding of the role of the nurse in providing antenatal serv...

General practice is recognised as the first port of call for most patients in the Australian healthcare system with GPs performing a gatekeeper role. There are more than 17,000 vocationally registered general practitioners in Australia and about 1,500 registrars currently training 1 or one GP per 974 persons. Almost all of us (82%) attend a GP at least once during any given year. GPs provide by...

This article describes positive outcomes in culture, Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores, employee engagement, and clinical quality as a result of using shared governance, specifically unit practice councils (UPC) or staff councils, to implement Relationship-Based Care (RBC).