A novel actuating material, which is lightweight, soft, and capable of generating large flapping motion under electrical stimuli, is highly desirable to build energy-efficient and maneuverable bio-inspired underwater robots. Ionic polymer-metal composites are important category of electroactive polymers, since they can generate large bending motions under low actuation voltages. IPMCs are ideal...

Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) are soft actuation materials with promising applications in robotics and biomedical devices. However, traditional IPMC actuators can generate the bending motion only. In this paper, a lithography-based approach is presented for monolithic, batch-fabrication of IPMC actuators that are capable of complex deformation. Such an actuator consists of multiple, in...

Related Articles The adoption behavior of new energy automotive technology in Chinese firms: A knowledge rigidity perspective J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 4, 031802 (2012) Light contact and surfing state dynamics of air bearing sliders in hard disk drives Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 243104 (2012) Exploring energy consumption and CO2 emission of cotton production in Iran J. Renewable Sustainable E...

Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC), of which a low actuating voltage (<5 V), high power efficiency and biocompatibility makes it a proven candidate for low power devices. However, due to its inherent nonlinear behaviour and time-variance, feedback control, as well as reliable sensing means, are required for accurate operations. This paper presents an IPMC actuator implemented with an inductiv...

In this study, analytical techniques and fuzzy logic methods are applied to the dynamic modelling and efficient swimming control of a biomimetic robotic fish, which is actuated by an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC). A physical-based model for the biomimetic robotic fish is proposed. The model incorporates both the hydrodynamics of the IPMC tail and the actuation dynamics of the IPMC. The c...

In a common salt-in-polymer electrolyte, a polymer which has polar groups in the molecular chain is necessary because the polar groups dissolve lithium salt and coordinate cations. Based on the above point of view, polystyrene [PS] that has nonpolar groups is not suitable for the polymer matrix. However, in this PS-based composite polymer-in-salt system, the transport of cations is not by segme...

In this paper, the infinite-dimensional port-Hamiltonian modelling and control problem of a flexible beam actuated using ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuators is investigated. The framework used to propose an interconnected model mechanical IPMC actuator. dynamic modelled as Timoshenko beam, electric dynamics IPMCs are considered in model. Furthermore, passivity-based control-strategy ...

Ion dynamics enhancements derived from anion–polymer interactions are proposed in organic ionic plastic crystal–poly(vinylidene fluoride)composite electrolytes.

The details of a potentiodynamic preparation method for a composite nickel(II) and copper(II) hexacyanoferrate (MeHcF) and poly[8-(3-acetylimino-6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran)-1-aminonaphthaline] (PAMDAN) on a platinum electrode, (Pt |PAMDAN|MeHcF) are reported. The cyclic voltamograms recorded the direct deposition and growth of inner layer (PAMDAN) and the outer layer (MeHcF) from their solutions. ...