Switchable ionic liquids (SWILs) derived from organic bases and alcohols are attractive due to their applications in gas capture, separations, and nanomaterial synthesis. However, their exact solvent structure still remains a mystery. We present the first chemical mapping of a SWIL solvent structure using in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. In situ chemical mapping discovers...

Nanoscale electromechanical activity, remanent polarization states, and hysteresis loops in paraelectric TiO(2) and SrTiO(3) thin films are observed using scanning probe microscopy. The coupling between the ionic dynamics and incipient ferroelectricity in these materials is analyzed using extended Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) theory. The possible origins of electromechanical coupling includ...

The structural organization in mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF(4)])/water or methanol was studied by infrared spectroscopy. No drastic change in the concentration dependence of the alkyl C-H band frequency was observed at high concentration of the ionic liquid. This behavior indicates a clustering of the ionic liquid in alkyl regions. Nevertheless, the prese...

In this study the diffusion coefficient of neutral and cationic ferrocenyl-derivatives have been characterised in a range of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids of the general form [C(n)C(1)Im](+)[X](-). The electrochemistry of ferrocene, 1-ferrocenylmethylimidazole (FcC(1)Im), 1-ferrocenylmethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([FcC(1)C(1)Im][Tf(2)N]) and N,N,N,N-trimethylf...

This review simply and systematically summarizes the general trend between chemical structure toxicity of ionic liquids across biological species. It also provides strategies for development low-toxicity liquids.

1 The reactions of the oxidised and semiquinone forms of Peptostreptococcus elsdenii flavodoxin with sodium dithionite have been studied by stopped flow spectrophotometry. At low ionic strength where comproportionation of flavodoxin is slow compared with the overall rate of reduction, the reactions with an excess of dithionite follow first-order kinetics. Semiquinone is not detected during the ...

The bioenergetic status of cells is tightly regulated by the activity of cytosolic enzymes and mitochondrial ATP production. To adapt their metabolism to cellular energy needs, mitochondria have been shown to exhibit changes in their ionic composition as the result of changes in cytosolic ion concentrations. Individual mitochondria also exhibit spontaneous changes in their electrical potential ...

The effect of ionic activity on the quenching of the quinine dication fluorescence by chloride and bromide ions is examined in solutions of sufficiently low ionic strength to enable ionic activities to be taken into account by means of the Debye-Hückel equation. An equation for the dependence of the Stern-Volmer constant on the ionic strength is derived in a novel way and an iterative, linear l...

Imidazole-based energetic ionic liquids capable of dual-mode chemical monopropellant or bipropellant and electric electrospray rocket propulsion are investigated. A literature review of ionic liquid physical properties is conducted to determine an initial set of ionic liquids that show favorable physical properties for both modes, followed by numerical and analytical performance simulations. Of...

Abstract We developed a new environment-sensing device based on the opto-ionic-electronic phenomena of an octahedral molybdenum metal (Mo 6 ) cluster. When Mo cluster is electrochemically deposited transparent electrode in organic solvent containing trace amount water, water permeates film. During process, some ligand species that stabilize frame structure are substituted with hydroxyl groups, ...