Immobilization of normal people causes reabsorption of calcium from bone, a small rise in serum ionized calcium, and, rarely, frank hypercalcaemia. The hazard is increased when patients with renal osteodystrophy are immobilized because of pathological fractures.

Purpose: In this retrospective study we tried to outline the relationship between the ionized calcium (iCa) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) in patients with hypovitaminosis D. Methods: The records of 101 outpatients patients with hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D < 30 ng /ml) who were also assayed for ionized calcium (iCa), total calcium (tCa) and PTH are presented. They were divided into tw...

This brief review focuses on calcium balance and homeostasis and their relationship to dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation in healthy subjects and patients with chronic kidney disease and mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD). Calcium balance refers to the state of the calcium body stores, primarily in bone, which are largely a function of dietary intake, intestinal absorption, renal ...