As part of a study to elucidate carbon-tritium co-deposition, an experiment was carried out on DIII-D involving a toroidally symmetric injection of CH4 at the top of the vessel (LSN divertor). The focus here is on interpretation of the region near the gas injection point using a Monte Carlo code, DIVIMP-HC, which models molecular breakup. The interpretive analysis indicates a parallel flow in t...

We predict that Coulomb explosion of a nanoscale cluster, which is ionized by high-intensity laser radiation and has a naturally occurring spatial density profile, will invariably produce shock waves. In most typical situations, two shocks, a leading and a trailing one, form a shock shell that eventually encompasses the entire cluster. Being the first example of shock waves on the nanometer sca...

Subarcsecond infrared and radio observations yield important information about the formation of super star clusters from their surrounding gas. We discuss the general properties of ionized and molecular gas near young, forming SSCs, as illustrated by the prototypical young, forming super star cluster nebula in the dwarf galaxy NGC 5253. This super star cluster appears to have a gravitationally ...

We report on the filament of ionized gas found at the NE periphery of M87, the second brightest elliptical galaxy in the Virgo cluster. The object lies at 3.16 arcmin (15.7 kpc) projected distance of the nucleus of M87, and it coincides in position with the Eastern radio lobe of M87. Long slit spectroscopy confirmed the gaseous nature of this object, showing Hβ , [OIII], [OI], [NII], Hα and [SI...

Lithium manganese oxide thin films have been grown using a gas jet based, electron beam directed vapor deposition technique. The deposition rate could be controlled by the electron beam power as well as the gas jet density and speed. This enabled films to be grown at deposition rates up to 16 nm /s which is a significantly higher deposition rate than that reported for the growth of this materia...

Residue ionization states were calculated in nine crystal structures of bacteriorhodopsin trapped in bR, early M, and late M states by multiconformation continuum electrostatics. This combines continuum electrostatics and molecular mechanics, deriving equilibrium distributions of ionization states and polar residue and water positions. The three central cluster groups [retinal Schiff base (SB),...

The filling of deep vias and trenches with metal for interconnect layers in microelectronic devices requires anisotropic deposition techniques to avoid formation of voids. Ionized metal physical vapor deposition ~IMPVD! is a process which is being developed to address this need. In IMPVD, a magnetron sputter deposition source is augmented with a secondary plasma source with the goal of ionizing...

Neutral radicals produced in SiH4 and H2-SiH4 RF discharges are detected by threshold ionization mass spectrometry. Relative radical densities are found similar in all discharges, showing a minor amount (5–9 %) of Si2H2 besides SiH3 and neglectable amounts of other radicals. Absolute radical densities are also determined by calibration of the mass spectrometer with the background gas signal. In...

With the rapid advances being made in novel high-energy ion-beam techniques such as proton beam writing, single-ion-event effects, ion-beam-radiation therapy, ion-induced fluorescence imaging, proton/ion microscopy, and ion-induced electron imaging, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the spatial energydeposition profiles of energetic ions as they penetrate matter. In this work ...

background: gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. objective: the aim of this study is to understand characteristics of secondary electrons generated from interaction of gold nanoparticles gnps with x-rays as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy and ...