Wild bee conservation is regarded as essential for sustainable production of pollinator-dependent crops, yet little is known about the effects on wild bee communities of typical insect pest management programs used postbloom. We developed an insecticide program risk (IPR) index to quantify the relative risk to wild bees of insecticide programs applied to blueberry fields. This was used to deter...

Visual motion, a critical cue in communication, can be manipulated and studied using video playback methods. A primary concern for the video playback researcher is the degree to which objects presented on video appear natural to the non-human subject. Here we argue that the quality of motion cues on video, as determined by the video's image presentation rate (IPR), are of particular importance ...

Anhydrous CoCl2 or [NiCl2(DME)] reacts with the ligand PCPMe-iPr (1) in the presence of nBuLi to afford the 15e and 16e square planar complexes [Co(PCPMe-iPr)Cl] (2) and [Ni(PCPMe-iPr)Cl] (3), respectively. Complex 2 is a paramagnetic d7 low-spin complex, which is a useful precursor for a series of Co(I), Co(II), and Co(III) PCP complexes. Complex 2 reacts readily with CO and pyridine to afford...

A series of monocarbonyl iron complexes in the formal oxidation states 0, +1, and +2 are accessible when supported by a tetradentate tris(phosphino)silyl ligand (SiP(iPr)(3) = [Si(o-C(6)H(4)PiPr(2))(3)](-)). X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of these carbonyl complexes establish little geometrical change about the iron center as a function of oxidation state. It is possible to functionalize the t...

Visualmotion, acritical cue in communication, canbemanipulated and studiedusing videoplaybackmethods.A primary concern for the video playback researcher is the degree towhich objects presented on video appear natural to the non-human subject. Here we argue that the quality of motion cues on video, as determined by the video’s image presentation rate (IPR), are of particular importance in determ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of immediate primary repair (IPR) compared with delayed repair (DR) after initial suprapubic cystostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the records of 60 patients with bulbous urethral disruption after blunt trauma from February 2001 to March 2011. Seventeen patients who presented in an acute injury state underwent IPR; 43 patients ...

Fullerene graphs are 3-connected 3-regular planar graphs with only pentagonal and hexagonal faces. We show that the diameter of a fullerene graph G of order n is at least √ 24n−15−3 6 and at most n/5 + 1. Moreover, if G is not a (5, 0)-nanotube its diameter is at most n/6+5/2. As a consequence, we improve the upper bound on the saturation number of fullerene graphs. We also report an improved l...

A Fullerene with pentagons, hexagons, and heptagons is considered. The number of carbons is 458. It contains 8 heptagonal rings, 21 pentagons, and 212 hexagons. Keywords-component; fullerene; heptagon; pentagon adjacency penalty rule; fullerene with many carbons

Aerosol synthesis methods for the production of nanostructured fullerene particles have been developed. The nanostructured, ultrafine fullerene particles were produced by vapor condensation and aerosol droplet drying and crystallization methods in tubular laminar flow reactors. The formation mechanisms were studied by measuring particle-size distributions is the gas phase. High-resolution scann...