Geminiviruses cause curly top disease, in dicotyledonous plants which constrains host crop production. Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is a widespread Becurtovirus (family Geminiviridae) in numerous areas within Iran. In this study, we isolated and analyzed a full-length genomic DNA of a new variant of BCTIV from pepper crops in the Kaftark region, east of Shiraz (proposed acronym: BCTIV-Kaf ...

background: to compare the pathogenicity differences in two susceptible balb/c and resistant c57bl/6 mice infected with leishmania major mrho/ir/75/er as a prevalent strain of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. methods : mice were assigned into four groups as control and infected balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. experimental leishma­niasis was initiated by (s. c) injection of the 2×10 6 l. major...

S. Alireza Ghasemi,1,* Thomas J. Lenosky,2 Maximilian Amsler,3 Ali Sadeghi,3 Luigi Genovese,4 and Stefan Goedecker3 1Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, P.O. Box 45195-1159, IR-Zanjan, Iran 21974 Kirby Way, San Jose California 95124-1324, USA 3Department of Physics, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland 4Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC-SP2M, L_Sim,...

Road traffic accidents including intercity car traffic accidents (ICTAs) are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality due to the growing number of vehicles, risky behaviors, and changes in lifestyle of the general population. A sound knowledge of the geographical distribution of car traffic accidents can be considered as an approach towards the accident causation and it can be...

This paper presents an experimental study on the hard disruption instability in low-4r(a) discharge on the Iran-tokamak I (IR-Tl), that limits the accessible operation plasma parameters. Reproducible major disruptions are triggered by contact of a large mln = 2ll magnetic island with the limiter. The growth of m|n = 2ll mode is precipitated by a thermal collapse of the plasma periphery during t...

During our phytochemical investigation of Haplophyllum villosum (Rutaceae), a perennial herb from Iran, a new 4,8-diaryl-3,7-dioxobicyclo-(3,3,0)-octane type lignan, eudesmin A (1), together with four known compounds--eudesmin (2), haplamine (3), umbelliferone (4) and scopoletin (5)--were isolated from aerial parts of the plant. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using NMR spectral...

In this paper we propose a conditional logic IBC to represent iterated belief revision. We define an iterated belief revision system by strengthening the postulates proposed by Darwiche and Pearl [3]. First, following the line of Darwiche and Pearl, we modify AGM postulates to make belief revision a function of epistemic states rather than of belief sets. Then we propose a set of postulates for...

The knock-down, mortality and 'irritancy' effects of three synthetic repellents (DEET, IR3535 and KBR 3023) on Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) were evaluated in the laboratory in the absence of animal bait. Filter paper tests were carried out to assess the knock-down effect (KDt(50) and KDt(95)) and mortality (LC(50) and LC(95)) induced by each repellent. 'Irritancy' tests were carried o...