During the first millennium of Common Era, Indo-Aryan (Niya Prakrit), Iranian (Khotan Saka) and Tokharian (Kentum Indo-European) languages were spoken in oasis towns at edge Tarim Basin. Many speakers those Buddhists many written documents these address Buddhist topics. The aim article is twofold. First: to show that representatives three language families (Niya, Sakian,Tokharian) displayed ten...

This paper proposes methods for determining an appropriate mixing ratio of dialects in automatic speech recognition (ASR) for dialects. To handle ASR for various dialects, it has been reported to be effective to train a language model using a dialectmixed corpus. One reason behind this is geographical continuity of spoken dialect; we regard spoken dialect as a mixture of various dialects. This ...

The relationship between cultural and genetic evolution was examined in the yellow-naped amazon Amazona auropalliata. This species has previously been shown to have regional dialects defined by large shifts in the acoustic structure of its learned contact call. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation from a 680 base pair segment of the first domain of the control region was assayed in 41 samples c...

The present paper investigates to what extent subjects base their judgments of linguistic distances on actual dialect data presented in a listening experiment and to what extent they make use of previous knowledge of the dialects when making their judgments. The point of departure for our investigation were distances between 15 Norwegian dialects as perceived by Norwegian listeners. We correlat...

This paper investigates three linguistic features—wawation, the 1CS genitive clitic pronoun, and relative pronoun—that are shared between ancient epigraphic forms of Arabic modern dialects, to exclusion Classical Arabic. I suggest that these features represent earliest layer dialects.

Dialects can be categorized in many ways. Using external features, dialects may be grouped by geographic location (e.g., Irish English), ethnic identity (e.g., AAVE), or social networks (e.g., Liberian Settler English) of their speakers. Or, using internal features, dialects may be grouped by shared features of pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar. We explore quantitative approaches to see how...