نتایج جستجو برای: irans trade partners
تعداد نتایج: 141508 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has increased in significance as a major constraint to international trade in live animals and animal products as the World Trade Organization agreements remove other obstructions. A consequence will be reluctance to immediately declare the presence of FMD if it is thought possible to quickly eliminate its presence and so avoid trade embargoes. This will predispose ...
We study the endogenous formation of free trade agreements (FTAs) in a symmetric three-country model with vertically related markets characterized by Cournot competition. We analyze the coalition-proof Nash equilibria in an FTA formation game in which each country forms an FTA with one, both, or none of its trading partners. We show that multilateral free trade is the unique stable equilibrium ...
The international trade in animals and animal products has become a sensitive issue for both developed and developing countries by posing an important risk for the international spread of animal and human pathogens whilst at the same time being an essential activity to ensure world-wide food security and food safety. The African Continent faces unique problems and obstacles to enter internation...
one of the important issues which deals simultaneously with the european :union: (eu) enlargement policy and its common foreign and security policy, is eu's policy towards its neighbors. after eu enlargement. it is a crossroad of eu foreign, security, development and trade policies which aims at europeanization and creating a ring of friends around its borders where good governance, political a...
BACKGROUND Sexual networks may place U.S. Black men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased HIV risk. METHODS Self-reported egocentric sexual network data from the prior six months were collected from 1,349 community-recruited Black MSM in HPTN 061, a multi-component HIV prevention intervention feasibility study. Sexual network composition, size, and density (extent to which members are havi...
Cigarette smuggling reduces the price of cigarettes, thwarts youth access restrictions, reduces government revenue, and undercuts the ability of taxes to reduce consumption. The tobacco industry often opposes increases to tobacco taxes on the claim that greater taxes induce more smuggling. To date, little is known about the magnitude of smuggling in the Philippines. his information is necessary...
this study has investigated the long-run and short-run effects of relative productivity on real exchange rate using annual time series data of iran and its major trade partners over the period 1980-2005. to analyze such effect which refers to the balassa-samuelson effect, this research uses auto-regressive distributed lags (ardl) method, to deal with dynamics of the relationship between product...
We present a model of political networks that integrates both the choice of trade partners (the extensive margin) and trade volumes (the intensive margin). Our model predicts that regimes secure in their survival, including democracies and consolidated authoritarian regimes, will trade more on the extensive margin than vulnerable autocracies, which will block trade in products that would expand...
Existing studies of the trade-conflict relationship focus primarily on dyadic trade and its implications for the opportunity cost of conflict. Most states maintain economic relations with numerous partners, yet few studies have examined the effects of extradyadic trade on dyadic conflict. In an influential discussion of economic interdependence, Albert Hirschman ([1945] 1980) draws attention to...
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