Abstracting an effective theory from a complicated process is central to the study of complexity. Even when the underlying mechanisms are understood, or at least measurable, the presence of dissipation and irreversibility in biological, computational, and social systems makes the problem harder. Here, we demonstrate the construction of effective theories in the presence of both irreversibility ...

We study the time irreversibility of the direct cascade in two-dimensional turbulence by looking at the time derivative of the square vorticity along Lagrangian trajectories, a quantity called metenstrophy. By means of extensive direct numerical simulations we measure the time irreversibility from the asymmetry of the probability density function of the metenstrophy and we find that it increase...

Entropy creation rate is introduced for a system interacting with thermostats (i.e., for a system subject to internal conservative forces interacting with "external" thermostats via conservative forces) and a fluctuation theorem for it is proved. As an application, a time scale is introduced, to be interpreted as the time over which irreversibility becomes manifest in a process leading from an ...

The action of a channel on a quantum system, when non trivial, always causes deterioration of initial quantum resources, understood as the entanglement initially shared by the input system with some reference purifying it. One effective way to measure such a deterioration is by measuring the loss of coherent information, namely the difference between the initial coherent information and the fin...

A general geometrical setting of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is developed. The approach is based on the notion of the natural projection which generalizes Ehrenfests' coarse-graining. It is demonstrated how derivations of irreversible macroscopic dynamics from the microscopic theories can be addressed through a study of stability of quasiequilibrium manifolds.