Because law enforcement officers must justify searches and seizures in response to motions to suppress evidence,! judges ruling upon these motions often must evaluate the credibility of the officers' testimony. This inquiry can involve one or more of three interrelated questions: Did the facts known to the officer justify the intrusion? Was the officer's purpose in conducting the search and sei...

Abstract The regulation of surrogacy in South Africa centres on a scheme judicial confirmation agreements before the start surrogate pregnancy. If such is granted by court, actions taken execution agreement are lawful, and itself enforceable. Against this background, question has arisen: it lawful to perform vitro fertilisation (IVF) agreement? This salient question: In circumstances where egg ...

Standard generative linguistic theory, which uses discrete symbolic models of cognition, has some strengths and weaknesses. It is strong on providing a network of outposts that make scientific travel in the jungles of natural language feasible. It is weak in that it currently depends on the elaborate and unformalized use of intuition to develop critical supporting assumptions about each data po...

Higher legal standards regarding the data protection of individuals, such as European General Data Protection Regulation, increase pressure on developing lawful systems. In development technologies, not only developers are involved. It also requires knowledge from other stakeholders, experts, that lack technical but required to understand IT artifacts. We see two strings can benefit use design ...

Lawful access—the legal regime that authorizes various methods used by law enforcement to intercept, search, or seize information for investigatory purposes—has been subject much debate in Canada. However, those debates need a new solution space the digital age. This must be able incorporate technological solutions minimizing rights infringements and provide forms of accountability safeguards a...