Ischemic injury represents the most frequent cause of death and disability, and it remains unclear why, of all body organs, the brain is most sensitive to hypoxia. In many tissues, type 4 NADPH oxidase is induced upon ischemia or hypoxia, converting oxygen to reactive oxygen species. Here, we show in mouse models of ischemia in the heart, brain, and hindlimb that only in the brain does NADPH ox...

BACKGROUND Postoperative ischemia is a frequent phenomenon in patients with brain tumors and is associated with postoperative neurological deficits and impaired overall survival. Particularly in the field of cardiac and vascular surgery, the application of a brief ischemic stimulus not only in the target organ but also in remote tissues can prevent subsequent ischemic damage. We hypothesized th...

Post-ischemic inflammation is important in ischemic stroke pathology. However, details of the inflammation process, its resolution after stroke and its effect on pathology and neural damage have not been clarified. Brain swelling, which is often fatal in ischemic stroke patients, occurs at an early stage of stroke due to endothelial cell injury and severe inflammation by infiltrated mononuclear...

Ischemic brain microlesions are often asymptomatic, but can cause irreversible neurodegenerative damage if they remain undetected and untreated. Inflammatory processes, involving activated microglia, are triggered at and around ischemic lesion sites. Early detection of microlesions using fluorescent nanocrystals (quantum dots), together with therapeutic interventions, utilizing anti-inflammator...

PURPOSE To assess the capability of computed tomography (CT) in the prediction of irreversible ischemic brain damage and its association with the clinical course within 6 hours of stroke onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serial CT scans obtained within 6 hours of stroke onset, at 22-96 hours (median, 1 day), and at 2-36 days (median, 7 days) after symptom onset in 786 patients with ischemic stroke...

Brain Phospholipid Metabolism During Ischemia • Molecular mechanisms accounting for the vulnerability of brain to ischemic damage are incompletely understood. To assess the role of membrane integrity, phospholipid metabolism is investigated in subcellular organelles of brain following varying degrees of ischemia. Global brain ischemia is produced in rabbits by combining hypotension and hypoxia ...

Estrogen deficiency worsens ischemic stroke outcomes. In ovariectomized (OVX(+)) rats fed a high-salt diet (HSD), an increase in the body Na(+)/water ratio, which characterizes water-free Na(+) accumulation, was associated with detrimental vascular effects independent of the blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that an increase in brain water-free Na(+) accumulation is associated with ischemic ...