The pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) has become the most prescribed drug delivery system for treating the respiratory diseases. However, the spray generation mechanism of these devices has not been extensively researched and there is very little information regarding the two-phase fluid dynamics associated with pre-atomisation inside the valve stem. The aim of the work presented in this ...

There is a strategic need for a cost-effective method of conducting ISO/IEC 15504 conformant assessments of the capability of software development projects. This applies particularly in the case of SMEs for whom the cost of a full three to four day assessment may be prohibitive. The Rapid Assessment for Process Improvement for software Development (RAPID), has been developed to address this nee...

Purpose – This study aims to explore the barriers to implementation of ISO 9000 in China, and to identify how these barriers can be overcome. Design/methodology/approach – Using a structural questionnaire survey, this paper examines the main barriers for enterprises in effective implementation of the ISO 9001 standard. Findings – This paper highlights the problems in implementing the standard, ...

The HESR facility will be built in the frame of the FAIR project. For the reason of safety radiation fields have to be considered for the building design. Radiation produced by lost proton and antiproton beams can be dangerous for personnel and equipment. Thus a beam line, where those losses can appear, must be properly shielded by concrete, soil, etc. A FLUKA [1] simulation was done to estimat...

Finding the right dose of a novel treatment is one of the most important tasks in early drug development. However, there is often uncertainty about the form of the relationship between dose and patient response at the time that the dose-finding trials are designed. In this presentation we develop Bayesian adaptive designs for Phase II cross-over trials conducted to estimate the minimum effectiv...

Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) is an occupational hazard for operators of industrial vehicles, such as earth-moving machines. Quantification of WBV exposure in terms of impact on health forms one aspect of the Standard ISO 2631-1 (1997). Regarding assessment of risk to health, ISO 2631-1 (1997) states that if WBV components below 1 Hz are not ;relevant nor important' then they can be ex...

From 1990 to 1998, estimations of the effective dose from external and internal irradiation due to l 3 7 Cs and >,ACs were carried out for inhabitants in rural villages in theBryansk region, Russia, highly contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Yearly expeditions were conducted in autumn. The external effective dose was estimated from measurements with thermoluminescent (TL)dosemet...

The environmental neutron spectrum has been measured at Zacatecas City in Mexico. Neutron spectrum was unfolded from count rates obtained with a multisphere neutron spectrometer with a LiI(Eu) scintillator. With the spectrum information the ambient dose equivalent and the isotropic effective dose were calculated. A model based upon the geomagnetic latitude and the altitude above sea level, that...

The antileukemic activity (medium effective dose, MED) of a set of 37 carboquinones was modeled using a combination of the electrotopological state (E-state) and molecular connectivity indices with multiple linear regression. A four-variable model gave good statistics: r2 = 0.90, s = 0.21. Using the leave-one-out method, the cross-validation statistics indicate a model useful for prediction: r2...