In photonics and optics, the refractive index of a material, first introduced by Isaac Newton as the optical density, is the most fundamental material constant. Since the refractive index determines refraction and reflection occurring at the boundary between two media, it is a critical parameter for the design of optical components, such as distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), omnidirectional r...

Thin film tin sulphide (SnS) films were produced with grain sizes greater than 1 μm using a one-step metal organic chemical vapour deposition process. Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) was used as the substrate, having a similar work function to molybdenum typically used as the back contact, but with potential use of its transparency for bifacial illumination. Tetraethyltin and ditertiarybutylsulphi...

Charge trapping/detrapping within thin solid films of the organic photoconductive materials Sudan I and Disperse Red I was investigated. Charge trapping took place under an external bias upon irradiation. Trapped charges could be stored for long times in the dark under open-circuit or short-circuit conditions and could be removed (detrapped) with irradiation at short-circuit. These substances s...

This paper proposes a measuring apparatus and method for simultaneous determination of the thermal expansion coefficient biaxial Young’s modulus indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. ITO films simultaneously coated on N-BK7 S-TIM35 glass substrates were prepared by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering deposition. The thermo-mechanical parameters investigated experimentally. Thermal stress in s...

Stress-induced failure is a critical concern that influences the mechanical reliability of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film deposited on a transparently flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. In this study, a cycling bending mechanism was proposed and used to experimentally investigate the influences of compressive and tensile stresses on the mechanical stability of an ITO film depo...

Strontium titanate nickelate (STN) thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrate were synthesized using the sol-gel method for resistive random access memory (RRAM) applications. Aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) were used as top electrodes in the STN-based RRAM to probe the switching behavior. The bipolar resistive switching behavior of the set and ...

We demonstrate the improved device performances by using structure of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film coated onto indium tin oxide (ITO) anodic electrode annealed at 400 °C under normal ambient. The ITO thin films show quality with decreased dislocation density and lattice strain as annealing temperature increases. spin-coated PEDOT:PSS smoothens wrinkl...

The effects of post-deposition annealing on optical and electrical properties of thermallyevaporated ITO/Ag/ITO films have been investigated. The thickness of ITO, Ag and ITO films in the multilayered structure was constant at 50, 10 and 40 nm. The multilayered films were deposited on glass substrate without intentional substrate heating. A significant variation in resistivity and transparency ...