This paper presents first a valid, fully non-linear 2-D numerical model that can capture realistically the in-plane hysteretic behaviour of reinforced concrete (R/C) frames with masonry infills when they are subjected to combined vertical and cyclic horizontal loads in order to predict their post-elastic earthquake bahaviour. The effectiveness of this simulation was validated by comparing the n...

An accurate evaluation of the non-linear behavior of masonry structural elements in existing buildings still represents a complex issue that rigorously requires non-linear finite element strategies difficult to apply to real large structures. Nevertheless, for the static and seismic assessment of existing structures, involving the contribution of masonry materials, engineers need reliable and e...

The construction of the tunnels Metro Line 4 and Gulou Station in central Nanjing poses a potential threat to nearby historic building, Tower, due relatively small spacing deteriorated structure behaviors. Two aspects are important for protection Tower: (i) reducing soil movement caused by tunnel–station (ii) increasing total stiffness this sensitive building. This research first presents main ...

This paper proposes a curved link-slab (CLS) structure, simplified into hingeless arch model, to address the current cracking phenomenon of CLS concrete. The stress formula under various loads is derived based on classical mechanic’s method. Based an actual bridge example, mechanical properties are analyzed different and load combinations. results show that: (1) significantly lower than that fl...

1 Faust EC, Russel PF, Jung RC. In: Craig and Faust's clinical parasitology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1974: 356-8. 2 Yamaguchi T. A colour atlas of clinical parasitology. 1st Ed. London: Wolf Medical, 1981: 170. 3 Duke-Elder S. System of ophthalmology. 2nd Ed. London: Kimpton, 1%5: 416-7. 4 Burnett HS, Parmelee WE, Lee RD, Wagner ED. Observations on the life cycle of Thelazia cali...

We present a micromanufacturing method for constructing microsystems, which we term ‘micro-masonry’ based on individual manipulation, influenced by strategies for deterministic materials assembly using advanced forms of transfer printing. Analogous to masonry in construction sites, micro-masonry consists of the preparation, manipulation, and binding of microscale units to assemble microcomponen...

Masonry buildings, when subjected to external temperature fluctuations, tend to regulate them either by storing heat in their thermal mass or by offering it back to the interior, with a time lag depending on the thermal capacity of the building and characterized mainly by the overall mass of the masonry. This time lag may vary from a few hours when lightweight masonry is concerned to several da...

This paper is in two parts; firstly a method of numerical modelling is described that is being used to investigate the performance of masonry strengthening; secondly how more pragmatic approaches are being used for localised masonry repairs with examples taken from the Mosque of al Ghuri, Cairo. Numerical modelling based on a discrete element formulation has been employed to simulate the respon...

Non-linear static analyses are the most effective way to predict force-displacement curves of masonry structures, due to the complex non linear behaviour of masonry panels which makes inadequate any kind of linear static analyses. Nevertheless, the choice of the appropriate model to use is a matter of paramount importance, as many aspects must be taken into account in order to reach a good appr...