I use simulations of cosmological reionization to quantify the effect of photoionization on the gas fraction in low mass objects, in particular the characteristic mass scale below which the gas fraction is reduced compared to the universal value. I show that this characteristic scale can be up to an order of magnitude lower than the linear theory Jeans mass, and that even if one defines the Jea...

We examine the internal dynamics and caustic structure of the rich cluster A1689, combining VLT/VIMOS spectroscopy with Subaru/Suprime-Cam imaging. The radial velocity distribution of ∼ 500 cluster members is bounded by a pair of clearly defined velocity caustics, with a maximum amplitude of ∼ |4000| km/s at ≃ 300 h kpc, beyond which the amplitude steadily declines, meeting at zero velocity at ...

Every pair of denim jeans produced contributes 33.4 kg CO2 into the atmosphere, consumes 3781 L water, and occupies 12 m2 land to support its production. The consumption patterns behaviour consumers are both vital determinants their environmental performance impact. This paper examines concerns, production knowledge, related cognitive measures by mapping intentions in process buying jeans. Cons...