In the spring and early summer of 1790, a new and formidable political association appeared in Paris dedicated to the consolidation of the Revolutionary gains of the previous year and to the development, propagation and implementation of Enlightened social and political ideals. The Societe de 1789 was founded by the marquis de Condorcet and abbe Sieyes in April 1790, and quickly attracted a lar...

In seventeenth-century Rome a popular financial scheme made it crucial to establish if pregnancy or childbirth had caused a woman's death. Courts sought medical advice, and this prompted physicians to reconsider the issues. Their disagreements provide historians with evidence from which to reassess received views of early modern doctors' involvement with birthing bodies. Among others, Paolo Zac...

While Spanish academic researchers have actively attempted to disengage hypnosis from its traditional links with altered states and automatism, and to promote it by linking hypnotic phenomena with other everyday psychological processes, in the legal field there seems to have been little activity. Among jurists, opinion is divided regarding the exact influence of hypnosis on conscious will, alth...

in islamic jurisprudence, the worship houses of people of the book are considered as an important issue and jihad is allowed to maintain these temples. because, they are the representatives of rituals as remembrance of god and aggression against them is prohibited. to pray in these houses of worship is permitted and swearing can be done in these temples. in case of loss of their residents, thei...

the opinion of islamic jurists are different on the subject off inheritance of diya'(blood money). on the other hand, the matter of inheritance of diya' has important legal effects from the viewpoint of tort law and general theory of obligations. these are the main questions: who are the heirs of diya'? does homicide by error, like murder, is an impediment to inheritance of diya&...