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Electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) are one of the most popular types of materials to interface ion-selective membranes (ISMs) with electron-conducting substrates to construct solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs). For optimal ion-to-electron transduction and potential stability, the p-doped ECPs with low oxidation potentials such as PPy need to be generally in their conducting fo...

The advent of ion-selective electrodes made possible the potentiometry of sodium in serum and plasma. These methods were based on dilution of serum, as done in flame photometry, and the results were identical. Analysis of whole blood precludes dilution and so "direct" potentiometry was developed. Results by this technique are variable but tend to compensate for the spurious hyponatremias found ...

echocardiography. All attending phy-sicians/cardiologists were blinded to the BNP results. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the two assays for CHF, we performed ROC plot analysis, and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated for both BNP assays. Comparisons between AUC were assessed according to the method of Hanley and McNeil (10). Cutoff values for the two methods were determined at...

Globally 30% deaths occur due to Cardio Vascular Diseases(CVD). ECG is one of the way to monitor this circulatory disease. Ag/Agcl Gel based ECG electrodes have their inherent problems, for prolonged continuous monitoring of ECG, connecting to a Cellular Mobile Phone, carried for early warnings. ECG electrodes with solid electrolyte connectable to mobile phones for Digital Signal Processing(DSP...

The concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride in various control sera were determined by reference methods. The reference method values were compared with the corresponding method-dependent assigned values. Sodium: Measurements by flame photometry and ion selective electrodes differed on the whole by less than 1% from the reference method value; determinations by photometry differed, ho...

A review on molecularly specific gating schemes for ion fluxes in excitable biomembranes is presented. Basic electrophysiological data are discussed in terms of recent relaxation kinetic results on isolated acetylcholine receptor-lipid complexes and on acetylcholinesterase from electric fish. A key conclusion of this assay is that rapid bioelectrical signals based on transient permeability chan...