The Vereina railway tunnel drilled in Austroalpine nappes encountered little water inflows. The linear discharge rates vary between 0,003 and 0,006 l/s/m (Figure 1). Two different water temperatures series have been observed in both northern and southern parts of the tunnel trace. The northern thermal gradient is equal to 0,018°C/m while the southern thermal gradient is not very different with ...

Reducing imperviousness connectivity by low impact developments or receiving pervious area (RPA) has been a regular strategy for runoff mitigation. However, the effects of RPA properties in combination with on have not fully discussed. In this study, two kinds are defined according to ponding volume: retention-dominated and conveyance-dominated. Runoff small urban catchment was evaluated under ...

As nascent proteins are synthesized by the ribosome, they depart via an exit tunnel running through the center of the large subunit. The exit tunnel likely plays an important part in various aspects of translation. Although water plays a key role in many bio-molecular processes, the nature of water confined to the exit tunnel has remained unknown. Furthermore, solvent in biological cavities has...

Estimating actual crop water requirement and irrigation schedule are essential for designing of the irrigation systems, storage construction and water conveyance structures. Many models have developed for estimating crop water requirement. Although most of these methods need different climatic parameters, providing and forecasting all of these parameters always are not available. Most of the ti...

[1] The potential and limitations of conjunctive use of surface and groundwater are explored for southern California’s water supply system. An economic-engineering network flow optimization model, CALVIN, is used to analyze the economic and reliability benefits from different conjunctive use alternatives. Flexible management of additional conjunctive use facilities and groundwater storage capac...

trapezoidal channels are frequently used in irrigation networks and other free surface water conveyance systems. the computation of the critical flow depth is one of the primary importance in the design process. it is usually determined by using design charts of iteration techniques. however, researchers have recently proposed formulas that directly provide approximate solutions. this paper pre...