BACKGROUND Numerous surgical options for the management of engaging Hill-Sachs lesions exist, of which remplissage has emerged as one of the most popular arthroscopic techniques. Remplissage is not without disadvantages, however, and has been demonstrated to potentially result in a loss of external rotation (ER) due to nonanatomic tethering of the infraspinatus tendon and a potential decrease i...

OBJECTIVES Phrenic nerve injury after paediatric heart surgery is associated with significant morbidity. Surgical plication of the diaphragm is believed to be beneficial to the patient, with difficult weaning from ventilation; however, the optimal timing remains unclear. We aimed to compare the outcome after two different strategies for treating hemidiaphragmatic paresis. METHODS A retrospect...

Hunter and Kreutzer recently introduced the digraph width measure Kelly-width. The measure is based on a vertex elimination process that aims at bounding the out-degree of a vertex during the elimination. We refine the Kelly-width measure by bounding both the out-degree and the in-degree of a vertex. We show that the elimination process and a subgraph characterisation of Kelly-width naturally g...

We consider Kelly networks with shuffling of customers within each queue. Specifically, each arrival, departure or movement of customer from one queue to another triggers a shuffle of the other customers at each queue. The shuffle distribution may depend on the network state and on the customer that triggers the shuffle. We prove that the stationary distribution of the network state remains the...

The construction of an efficient portfolio aims at maximizing the investor’s capital, or its return, while minimizing the risk of unfavourable events. This problem has been pioneered in Markowitz (1952), where the MeanVariance (M-V) efficient portfolio has been introduced: it minimizes the portfolio variance for any fixed value of its expected return. Since this rule can only be justified under...

REPLY: We thank Kelly and coworkers (3) for their comments. We agree that some of the Ren-2 animals in our study did develop malignant hypertension, as discussed in our report (see the penultimate paragraph of the DISCUSSION in Ref. 1). We included all animals which survived to the end of the study in the final analysis because we feel that the exclusion of animals with malignant hypertension w...