In Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward, Julian West goes to sleep in 1887 and awakens in the year 2000. Written in the first-person, West explains to his twenty-first century audience how their world compares to his own and provides a rich description of how life at the dawn of the twenty-first century compares to life in the Gilded Age. After Uncle Tom’s Cabin, it was the most popular American n...

score, air-flow limitation and exercise tolerance) Index: a new composite score for the stratification of severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Postgrad Med J 2007; 83: 492–497. 13 Cardoso F, Tufanin AT, Colucci M, et al. Replacement of the 6-min walk test with maximal oxygen consumption in the BODE Index applied to patients with COPD: an equivalency study. Chest 2007; 132: 477–482...

The Greenfield-Chiclana Collapsing Defuzzifier comes in many variants, depending on the order of slice collapse. The accuracy of the fundamental variants of forward, backward, inward and outward, and the composite variants of forward-backward and outward right-left is compared experimentally for the discretised interval type-2 fuzzy set. Keywords— Centroid, Collapsing, Defuzzification, Interval...

Relational, XML and HTML data can be represented as graphs with entities as nodes and relationships as edges. Text is associated with nodes and possibly edges. Keyword search on such graphs has received much attention lately. A central problem in this scenario is to efficiently extract from the data graph a small number of the “best” answer trees. A Backward Expanding search, starting at nodes ...

Most discussion among players of the modern classical guitar regarding the early 19century guitar has been backward looking, that is, either looking at ways of playing this repertoire on a modern instrument in a modern style, or how to imitate the stylistic features of the period on a modern guitar. I will focus instead on coming towards Sor and his contemporaries from before their period, as c...

This paper analyzes the impacts of news shocks on macroeconomic volatility. Whereas anticipation amplifies volatility in any purely forward-looking model, such as the baseline New Keynesian model, the results are ambiguous when including a backward-looking component. In addition to these theoretical findings, we use the estimated model of Smets and Wouters (2003) to provide numerical evidence t...