Epitaxial Cu2O islands on a Cu(100) surface formed through oxidizing Cu(100) films at 600 degrees C in an ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope were observed to undergo a shape transition from initially square shaped islands to elongated islands at a critical size of approximately 110 nm. Our experimental data on the elongation of Cu2O islands agree with the energetic calculations b...

BACKGROUND Majority of CpG dinucleotides in mammalian genomes tend to undergo DNA methylation, but most CpG islands are resistant to such epigenetic modification. Understanding about mechanisms that may lead to the methylation resistance of CpG islands is still very poor. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using the genome-scale in vivo DNA methylation data from human brain, we investigated the f...

Diversification between islands and ecological radiation within islands are postulated to have occurred in the Euphorbia species (sect. Aphyllis subsect. Macaronesicae) on the Canary Islands. In this study, the biogeographical pattern of 11 species of subsect. Macaronesicae and the genetic differentiation among five species were investigated to distinguish the potential mode and mechanism of di...

387 M a r s h a l l I s l a n d s The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Republic of the Marshall Islands Maria Beger1, Dean Jacobson2, Silvia Pinca3, Zoe Richards4, Don Hess2, Frankie Harriss2, Cathie Page4, Eric Peterson5 and Nicole Baker6 InTRoduCTIon and SETTIng Located in the central Pacific Ocean and spanning more than 5,025,000 km2 (1,940,000 mi2), the Republic of the Marshall Island...

  The energy insecurity, environmental pollution, climate change and even reduced rainfall in some countries are prime examples of consequences of the world’s excessive reliance on fossil fuels. This study suggests that in some southern islands and coastal areas of Iran, two such problems, namely the growing shortage of potable water and air pollution can be addressed by building a wind-p...

The basic unit of chromatin is a nucleosome included an octamer of the four core histones and 147 base pairs of DNA. Posttranslational histones modifications affect chromatin structure resulting in gene expression changes. CpG islands hypermethylation within the gene promoter regions and the deacetylation of histone proteins are the most common epigenetic modifications. The aberrant patterns of...

The dynamics of nanoscale islands in the vicinity of a monoatomic step on a metal electrode surface under potential control have been investigated by potential pulse perturbation time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (P3 TR-STM). As the metastable islands decay, a clear anisotropy develops in the spatial distribution of islands, relative to the monoatomic step. Islands appear to be stabil...

We demonstrate that a size-dependent mesoscopic mismatch exists in homoepitaxy, which has a strong impact on the morphology of the islands and the substrate. Atomic scale calculations for double layer Cu islands on Cu(111) reveal that mesoscopic strain relaxations in both islands and the substrate strongly influence the shape of islands and can effect the details of atomic motion near the island.

MOTIVATION Recently, more stringent criteria for CpG islands have been introduced to exclude Alu repeats, thereby enabling a higher proportion of CpG islands associating with genes to be identified. Using these new criteria, several types of associations between CpG islands and genes were investigated to further establish the importance of CpG islands as gene markers. RESULTS The CpG islands ...