We describe a web tool ENZO (Enzyme Kinetics), a graphical interface for building kinetic models of enzyme catalyzed reactions. ENZO automatically generates the corresponding differential equations from a stipulated enzyme reaction scheme. These differential equations are processed by a numerical solver and a regression algorithm which fits the coefficients of differential equations to experime...

A critical challenge of the postgenomic era is to understand how genes are differentially regulated even when they belong to a given network. Because the fundamental mechanism controlling gene expression operates at the level of transcription initiation, computational techniques have been developed that identify cis-regulatory features and map such features into differential expression patterns...

The equation commonly called the Michaelis-Menten equation is sometimes attributed to other authors. However, although Victor Henri had derived the equation from the correct mechanism, and Adrian Brown before him had proposed the idea of enzyme saturation, it was Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten who showed that this mechanism could also be deduced on the basis of an experimental approach that p...

This article describes current concepts in the mechanism of action of local anaesthetic drugs and discusses recent advances in the equipment and drugs that may be used to provide intra-oral anaesthesia.

We have previously presented a general cost-accuracy relationship for a broad class of kinetic proofreading mechanisms. In this paper we present a general matrix method, based upon classical enzyme kinetics, for the derivation of the constraint relation that characterizes specific proofreading mechanisms. For purpose of illustration we present the method in the context of a conventional Michael...

Vaccination is the most efficient method for infectious disease prevention. Parenteral injections such as intramuscular, intradermal, and subcutaneous injections have several advantages in vaccine delivery, but there are many drawbacks. Thus, the development of a new vaccine delivery system has long been required. Recently, microneedles have been attracting attention as new vaccination tools. M...

This review discusses methods for the incorporation of quantum mechanical effects into enzyme kinetics simulations in which the enzyme is an explicit part of the model. We emphasize three aspects: (a) use of quantum mechanical electronic structure methods such as molecular orbital theory and density functional theory, usually in conjunction with molecular mechanics; (b) treating vibrational mot...

the kinetics of zn sorption by ten calcareous soils of iran were measured and fitted to several equations (zero-, first-, second-, third-order, parabolic diffusion, simple elovich, and exponential equations). two initial concentrations of zinc i.e. 20 and 80 mg zn l-1 were used and observations were carried out for 100 hours. the time required to reach the near equilibrium state was about 24 ho...

in this research, graphene oxide- gold nanoparticles (aunp/go) were easily fabricated by a redox reaction between go and chloroauric acid without using any additional reductant and then used to stabilize pickering emulsions. (aunp/go) was investigated by ft-ir spectroscopy. the changes of parameters such as contact time, ph, amoxicillin initial concentration and temperature were tested and inve...

Single enzyme molecules display inevitable, stochastic fluctuations in their catalytic activity. In metabolism, for instance, the stochastic activity of individual enzymes is averaged out due to their high copy numbers per single cell. However, many processes inside cells rely on single enzyme activity, such as transcription, replication, translation, and histone modifications. Here we introduc...