School bullying has become a major social problem in Korea after the emergence of media reports on children who committed suicide after being victimized by bullies. In this article, we review the characteristics of bullying, and investigate the role of the pediatrician in the prevention of and intervention against bullying and school violence. Bullying can take on many forms such as physical th...

2 Abstract`A three-dimensional reacting flow modeling approach is presented for predictions of compression ignition, combustion, NOx and soot emissions over a wide range of operating conditions in a diesel engine. The ignition/combustion model is based on a modified eddy dissipation concept (EDC) which has been implemented into the KIVA 3V engine simulation code. The modified EDC model is used ...

A transport equation residual model incorporating a Damkohler criterion has been developed and implemented in the ERC KIVA-3V code for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine simulations for better predictions of flame propagation. In the transport equation residual model a fictitious species concept is introduced to account for the residual gases in the cylinder, which have a great effect on th...

Joint decision-making is a thoroughly collaborative interactional endeavor. To construct the outcome of sequence as “joint” one necessitates that participants constantly negotiate their shared activity, not only with reference to content decisions be made, but also whether, when, and upon what exactly are made in first place. In this paper, I draw on dataset video-recorded dyadic planning meeti...

Abstract Crowdfunded microloans are a suitable tool for financing basic economic activities in developing as well developed countries, favouring female empowerment. Despite the loans being relatively small, widespread use of this instrument merits analyzing factors affecting microloan. One these is gender because an important to finance projects promoted by women many countries where microfinan...

Porous media has interesting features in compared with free flame combustion due to the extended of the lean flammability limits and lower emissions. Advanced new generation of internal combustion (IC) engines are expected to have far better emissions levels both gaseous and particulate matter, at the same time having far lower fuel consumption on a wide range of operating condition. These c...

A Monte Carlo–probability density function (pdf) method based on a Lagrangian particle technique to calculate the transported pdf of the thermochemical (scalar) properties has been implemented in the finite volume code KIVA-3 to model three-dimensional premixed transient combustion in a two-stroke engine. The main advantage of the pdf method is that chemical reactions in turbulent flows can be ...

We investigate the effects of team competition on pro-social lending activity on Kiva.org, the first microlending website to match lenders with entrepreneurs in developing countries. Using naturally occurring field data, we find that lenders who join teams contribute 1.2 more loans per month than those who do not. Furthermore, teams differ in activity levels. To investigate this heterogeneity, ...