Employing a unique dataset that covers households from six West African capitals, this paper provides new evidence on the demand for informal sector products and services. We first investigate whether demand linkages exist between formal and informal products and distribution channels, and whether there is an overlapping customer base, which would imply that both formal sector wage earners and ...

Section one consists of 5 chapters. In Chapter 1, Malinka Ivanova and Anguelina Popova explore " Formal and Informal Learning Flows Cohesion in Web 2.0 Environment. " The current state of the Web is recognized as " social " because of the multiple possibilities for participation, stimulation, and facilitation of interactions in groups, communities, networks, and among people with similar intere...

Spirituality is increasingly recognized as an essential element of health. A novel model of interprofessional spiritual care was developed by a national consensus conference of experts in spiritual care and palliative care. Integral to this model is a spiritual screening, history or assessment as part of the routine history of patients. Spiritual screening can be done by a clinician on an intak...

Representations of domain knowledge range from those that are ontologically formal, semantically rich to those that are ontologically informal and semantically weak. Representations of knowledge are important in many tasks, one of which is the support of travel around information spaces through the identification and linking of concepts in a field. In this paper we explore how representations o...

1 Temple University, 2 University of Wisconsin—Madison Students benefit from learning multiple procedures for solving the same or related problems. However, past research on comparison instruction has focused on comparing multiple formal procedures. This study investigated whether the benefits of comparing procedures extend to comparisons that involve informal and formal procedures. We also exa...

Over the past 50 years, prevalence of interactives in museums and science centres has increased dramatically, with interactive learning proliferating around world. With a current estimated visitation 300 million people each year, free-choice through related venues become major source human over course lifetime. While many studies visitor experience have examined positive changes affective compo...

In order to support informal learning, we complement the formal knowledge represented by ontologies developed by domain experts with the informal knowledge emerging from social tagging. To this end, we have developed an ontology enrichment pipeline that can automatically enrich a domain ontology using: data extracted by a crawler from social media applications, similarity measures, the DBpedia ...