This paper investigates the semantics of Portuguese past tenses, focusing on their indexical behavior. I show that under certain circumstances, even when they are used anaphorically and refer to a contextually salient interval, these past tense heads can denote intervals that do not precede the speech time. I argue that the best way to capture this behavior is to construe its presupposition as ...

2 Abstract In this article I defend the view that many central aspects of the semantics of tense are determined by independently-motivated principles of syntactic theory. I begin by decomposing tenses syntactically into a temporal ordering predicate (the true tense, on this approach) and two time-denoting arguments corresponding to covert a reference time (RT) argument and an eventuality time (...

This activity is carried out to improve knowledge and skills in English for grade 11 SMK Tunas Muda Berkarya Batam, the department of Hospitality. Students were given material about speaking development, vocabulary field, correct pronunciation tenses usage. The was four meetings. methods developing participants that applied consisted discussion, presentation, conversation, group pairs, describi...