The authors thank the National Science Foundation for support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed ...

BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes are required for adenosine triphosphate production, with each of five different isoenzymes having varying proficiencies in anaerobic versus aerobic environments. With advancing pregnancy, the isoenzyme profile in uterine muscle shifts toward a more anaerobic profile, speculatively to facilitate uterine efficiency during periods of low oxygen tha...

We explored the effect of labor protection on firms’ operational efficiency, based empirical data from China. Taking China’s Labor Contract Law implementation in 2008 as a quasi-natural experiment, we constructed difference-in-differences (DID) model to investigate relationship between and efficiency. Based sample Chinese listed companies non-financial sector 2004–2021, analysis results show th...

This paper considers the effect of offer matching on labor market outcomes when the current employer has better information about his worker’s productivity than potential employers. Previous research found that when current employers have better information than potential employers, the later use job assignment to infer an employed worker’s qualifications. As a result, assignment of workers to ...

This paper addresses four questions. First, is globalization associated with more inequality in consumption or earnings? Second, is the labor market an important transmission mechanism? Third, can labor market policies reduce inequality? And fourth, would these policies have important side effects on efficiency? The answers are based on an analytical survey of the literature, including several ...

The challenge of providing a more efficient and cost-effective ways of harvesting groundnut amongst the small holder farmers is imperative in northern Nigeria as a result of intensity of labor requirement in the task. It is reported that up to 40 % of the total labor required to grow groundnut is expanded on harvesting operation and at peak harvest periods, labor shortages often occur leading t...

Division of labor is central to the organization of insect societies. Within-colony comparisons between subfamilies of workers (patrilines or matrilines) revealed genetic effects on division of labor in many social insect species. Although this has been taken as evidence for additive genetic effects on division of labor, it has never been experimentally tested. To determine the relative roles o...

The aim of this paper is to discuss the efficiency consequences of labor market rigidities. First, we estimate a production function that takes into account the duality of the Spanish labor market. We consider two types of labor input depending on the magnitude of the dismissal costs: a dynamic input determined by permanent contract workers and a variable, non dynamic input determined by fixed-...

In the present paper, we adopt the usual assumptions of the collective approach, i.e., individualism and efficiency, to study household labor supply. The theoretical innovation is twofold. Firstly, we incorporate in the initial setting the decision to participate to the labor market. Secondly, we abandon the assumption of linearity of the budget constraint. We show that (i) structural elements ...

The paper uses cross-country data from Latin America and the OECD to test the predictions of a simple efficiency wage model (Krebs and Maloney 1998) about the share of employment in self-employment and the rate of labor turnover. It finds support for the model and finds numerous demographic, economic and labor market institutions to be important to determining both self-employment and turnover....