The Gradual Transformation of Continental European Labor Markets: France and Germany Compared Germany and France are both Continental European welfare states with severe labor market problems such as low employment and high and persistent unemployment which can be explained by labor market institutions that inhibit labor market adaptability. This paper analyzes recent reforms in core areas such...

The national shortage of nurses, which grew to crisis proportions in many communities in the late 1970s, has subsided. Recent evidence suggests that hospital nurse vacancy and turnover rates have declined significantly since 1979. The recent swift reversal in the availability of nurses, from shortage to waiting lists in some hospitals, has taken many by surprise. It also raises the possibility ...

• Effects of the COVID 19 crisis in Japanese labor market vary across different groups individuals. We use multiple data sources to evaluate heterogeneous effects by age groups, genders, employment types, education levels, occupations, and industries. A life cycle model agents is built quantify welfare shocks The most severely hurt female, contingent, low skilled workers, engaged social non fle...

We estimate a structural model of schooling, labor supply and life-cycle earnings in which some individuals have comparative advantage in producing skills in school while others are better at producing skills in the labor market and analyze some of its key implications. The model is estimated using a sample of white males taken from the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (...

In a perfectly stationary physical environment of the labor market, moral hazard and optimal termination in long-term contracts can generate two-period and much longer cycles in employment and output, and in other aggregate activities, including the creation and destruction of jobs, and the flows of workers entering and exiting employment. This theory sheds light on the unemployment volatility ...

this study aimed at identifying required competencies for the labor market by the graduates majoring in the agricultural extension education field. the study population included undergraduates, faculty members, and employers, as related to bachelor level in three extension and education departments at bu ali sina, tehran, and shiraz universities of iran. the study has employed both quantitative...

This study aims to examine how each cohort’s family formation is affected by labor market conditions experienced in youth in Japan. Although the deterioration in youth employment opportunities has often been blamed for Japan’s declining fertility rates, the effect of slack labor market conditions on fertility is theoretically unclear. We estimate the effects of regional labor market conditions ...

This paper aims to construct an empirical model for the analysis of two principal simultaneous decisions of farm operators: participation in the off-farm labor market, and the amount of resources to invest in farm capital. We first develop a theoretical model analyzing the effects of exogenous shocks on farmers’ decisions. Then, we estimate jointly a multinomial probit model of farmers’ off-far...

iranian female participation rate in the labor market of iran in the recent decade shows a increasing trend which amounted from 8% in 1999 to 18% in 2005.using parametric and non-parametric econometrics methods, in this research we aim to study the behavior of individual married females labor participation. our dataset consist of the annually budget survey of 2006 which is reported by statistic...