the study examined gender analysis of energy use for rice production in north central nigeria using a sample of 60 rice farmers. an analysis of gender relations provides the information on the different conditions men and women face, and the different effects that policies and programs may have on them. simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. energy efficiency and energy pr...

This series is designed to make available to a wider readership selected labour market, social policy and migration studies prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language – English or French – with a summary in the other. The opinions expressed and arguments employed here are...

The common perception, particularly among employers of labour is that enforcement or implementation of enhanced labour standards would negatively impact on overhead costs thereby impeding the organisation’s competitive advantage through price mechanisms at both national and global marketplace. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis and draw inherent relationships between enforcemen...

Thirty-seven nulliparous women recruited from Lamaze classes rated their selfefficacy to use the pain coping strategies taught in these classes as well as the importance and anticipated outcome of using these strategies. Prior to labour, these ratings were obtained for each phase Ð early, active, and transitional Ð of the first stage of labour. During labour, women completed three pain inventor...

Active Labour Market Policy in East Germany: Waiting for the Economy to Take Off We investigate the effects of the most important East German active labour market programmes on the labour market outcomes of their participants. The analysis is based on a large and informative individual database coming from administrative data sources. Using matching methods, we find that over a horizon of 2.5 y...

The future of mandatory retirement is at least partly driven by changing demographics. In Canada, these demographics include slowing population growth, rapid aging, declining rates of labour force participation, and slowing labour force growth. After reviewing the demographic trends and considering alternate scenarios in labour force participation, we consider the determinants of early departur...

This paper presents the development of a Decision Support System for managing the labour based on the Soft Computing technique of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. During labour, obstetricians manage and take decisions on the fetus delivery and the procedure of the labour, monitoring continuously a visual recording of the fetus heart signal and uterine contractions and they also take under consideration ot...

365 Dawson, P.J., 1988. Labour on the family farm: a theory under uncertainty. Agric. Econ., 1:365-380. This paper develops a theory of the family farm in conditions of uncertainty where attention is focussed on the labour-input decisions. Specifically, the farm family is faced with two labour decisions, namely with respect to hired labour and to family labour. The framework for analysis is exp...