References 93 VI 1 Introduction Unemployment is still a central problem in European economies and an abiding theme in labour market policy. In the 1990s, in the European Union, rising unemployment led to an European employment policy and a new section on employment was introduced into the Amsterdam Treaty signed in October 1997. In the same year, the European Employment Strategy (EES) was initi...

This paper considers the impressive employment and unemployment performance of the United States over the past two decades, and the contrasting high unemployment experienced by most other OECD nations over the same period. It concludes that the multiple dimensions of US labour market flexibility have helped to produce strong labour market outcomes. However, the paper also documents the large in...

In order to study the mismatch between the available skills of labour force and the skills required by labour market, we developed the concept of Labour Market Attractiveness. This concept consisted of the combination of a set of variables from 6 Eurostats datasets on different subjects (i.e. Demographics; Earnings structure; Education and training; Life conditions; Employment and unemployment;...

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The spatial distribution of households and firms, or urban spatial structure, is a core element of the study of urban economics and the crucial determinant of commuting patterns. This paper examines developments in the analysis of urban spatial structure and commuting that are related to the urban labour market that is the analysis of labour supply and labour demand in a spatial context. These ...

Border regions are likely to play a critical role within the spatial dynamics initiated by the enlargement of the EU. This paper deals with the effects of integration on labour markets in border regions. Within the framework of different theoretical approaches, the effects of integration on labour markets in border regions are analysed. Furthermore, we investigate empirically the degree of labo...

After an unprecedented period of macroeconomic stability, growth and employment creation between 2003 and 2008, Latin American economies are facing the post 2008-2010 global crisis with the challenge of a jobs-centred recovery. The two previous decades had put behind the role of the labour market as a central social welfare generator. The eighties were identified as the “lost decade” because of...