Financial literacy of investors reduces uncertainty on future decisions and increases predictability of investment policies in financial markets. Thus, the lack of clear information on financial markets is a determining factor in the arrival of domestic and foreign capitals and their quick exit in case of crisis. The lack of transparency and basic knowledge on decisions and failure to provide r...

This paper presents scenarios of information security—defending against directed security threats, risk-averse firm’s willingness to invest, and attacker’s propensity to security measures—each enhancing our understanding of a firm’s information security investment under different circumstances. We find that, when a firm tries to defend against directed attacks, the relative size of potential lo...

This paper looks at the industrial organization of the investment banking industry. Longterm relationships between business firms and investment banks are pervasive in developed security markets. A vast literature argues that better monitoring and information result from relationships. Thus, security markets should allocate resources better when an investment banking industry exists. We study n...

The rise of the potential risks from different attacks on ICT systems means the investment in security technology is growing and is becoming a serious economic issue for many organizations. The assessment of the appropriate investment that is economically affordable and provides enough protection for the enterprise information system is an issue that is analysed here. The paper discusses the id...

Those who live in isolated communities often lack reliable, skilled employment opportunities, which fundamentally undermines their human security. For individuals who wish to remain in their isolated communities for family, religious, philosophical or other reasons, their attachment to their communities creates a disincentive for higher education. This promotes low educational achievement, whic...

In this paper, we use to system thinking analyze the outcome drawn by the increased government investment in information security industry. We also analyze the structure of the feedback, derived from the inter-connection of diverse variables that affects the investment for information security industry by both public and private sectors. Moreover, this study would help to establish incentives t...

The European Union and its Member States are seeking to decarbonize their energy systems, including the electricity sector and, at the same time, pursue market integration. However, renewable energy (RE) deployment and the liberalization of the energy-only market have raised concerns at the national level about the security of electricity supplies in the future. Some actors consider the lack of...