Landmarks play an important role when humans navigate through foreign environments (Lynch, 1960; May, Ross, Bayer, and Tarkiainen, 2003). For example, trying to find the way is much easier if the navigator can rely on a description of the route based on well-recognizable objects in the environment, instead of navigating solely on the basis of street names and metric directions (Tom, and Denis, ...

The aim of the study was to establish posteroanterior (PA) cephalometric norms for adolescent Kuwaitis of an age comparable with the start of comprehensive orthodontic treatment, and to compare these with similar normative data, considering a difference of 2.0 mm or degrees as clinically significant. Digital PA cephalograms of 159 13- to 14-year-old Kuwaitis (81 boys and 78 girls) with untreate...

1Kamal Bajaj, 2Pooja Rathee, 3Pradeep Jain, 4Vasim Raja Panwar 1Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Rajasthan Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 3Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 4Clinical Assistant, Department of Orthodon...

PURPOSE To evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of measurement of images obtained during ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS Four anterior segment images of four normal patients were obtained by a single examiner. The measurements of three independent observers were compared to assess interobserver reproducibility in quantifying the images. Thirteen different anterior segmen...

BJOLP, The Big Joint Optimal Landmarks Planner uses landmarks to derive an admissible heuristic, which is then used to guide a search for a cost-optimal plan. In this paper we review landmarks and describe how they can be used to derive an admissible heuristic. We conclude with presenting the BJOLP

This mage-based series comprises of a quiz pertaining to the identification of salient and important anatomical structures and landmarks expected to be seen at a given level on the computed tomography (CT). The representative image is followed by a series of images showing the examples of different commonly encountered pathological entities that can be seen at this level in a routine clinical p...

The purpose of the present work was to study swimmers' efficiency during the underwater phase of the grab start. Eight high-level swimmers participated in this study. They performed two types of start: a regular grab start (with underwater leg propulsion after the glide) and a grab start with no underwater movement (swimmers had to remain in a streamlined position). Four cameras filmed the enti...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of methods of establishing the midsagittal reference plane (MRP) on the locations of midfacial landmarks in the three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) analysis of facial asymmetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 24 patients (12 male and 12 female; mean age, 22.5 years; age range, 18.2-29.7 years) with facial asymmetry were ...

Using an existing ontology of anatomic structures and functions [6] as a starting point, our goal in this thesis will be to propose a general framework for creating ontologies of human movements and using them to generate 3D computer animation of the movement in the ontology. This is a difficult task that requires principled approaches for decomposing more complex movements into simpler motion ...

BACKGROUND Manual annotation of landmarks is a known source of variance, which exist in all fields of medical imaging, influencing the accuracy and interpretation of the results. However, the variability of human facial landmarks is only sparsely addressed in the current literature as opposed to e.g. the research fields of orthodontics and cephalometrics. We present a full facial 3D annotation ...