1. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorder (CKDMBD). Kidney International 2009; 76(suppl 113):S1-S130 2. Bellasi A, Mandreoli M, Baldrati L, Corradini M, Di Nicolo P, Malmusi G, Santoro A (2011) Chronic kidney disease progression and outcome according to serum phosphorus in mild-to-moderate ...

Crystalline La and Nd carbonates can be formed from poorly-ordered nanoparticulate precursors, termed amorphous lanthanum carbonate (ALC) and amorphous neodymium carbonate (ANC). When reacted in air or in aqueous solutions these precursors show highly variable lifetimes and crystallization pathways. We have characterized these precursors and the crystallization pathways and products with solid-...

From chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage 4 onwards, phosphate binders are needed in many patients to prevent the development of hyperphosphataemia, which can result in disturbed bone and mineral metabolism, cardiovascular disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In this review, we re-examine the use of magnesium-containing phosphate binders for patients with CKD, particularly as their use circ...

Hyperphosphatemia is an inevitable consequence of end stage chronic kidney disease and is present in the majority of dialysis patients. Recent observational data has associated hyperphosphatemia with increased cardiovascular mortality among dialysis patients. Dietary restriction of phosphate and current dialysis prescription practices are not enough to maintain serum phosphate levels within the...

Abstract Background and Aims Elevated phosphate concentrations are associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease overall mortality in patients chronic kidney disease. Current Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend lowering elevated serum phosphorus toward the normal range end-stage on dialysis through restriction dietary intake, increas...

Sir, Dr Fraile et al. [1] report the interesting case of a dialysis patient who was treated with lanthanum carbonate (LC; 2000 mg daily for 8 months increased to 3500 mg daily for the subsequent 10 months) and developed acute confusional syndrome. Conduct disorders and delirious ideas were also observed. The neurological examination was normal and the electroencephalogram tracing, as well as br...