BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spasmodic dysphonia (SD), or laryngeal dystonia, is a task-specific isolated focal dystonia of unknown causes and pathophysiology. Although functional and structural abnormalities have been described in this disorder, the influence of its different clinical phenotypes and genotypes remains scant, making it difficult to explain SD pathophysiology and to identify potential ...

Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) is a hereditary disorder characterized by cutaneous symptoms and progressive neurodegeneration. Since XPA patients exhibit peripheral neuropathy, neuronal deafness, rigidity, dysphagia, and laryngeal dystonia, it is indispensable for investigation of the neurodegeneration to analyze brainstem and basal ganglia lesions clinically and pathologically; we have pr...

tuberculosis is a major health problem in iran and its laryngeal involvement is not uncommon. laryngeal tuberculosis is so infectious and delay in diagnosis and treatment could result spread of disease and causes divesting complications. we reviewed clinical and para-clinical characteristics of patients with laryngeal tuberculosis in iran. in a cross sectional study, patients with laryngeal tub...

oromandibular dystonia (omd) is a rare focal neurological disorder that affects mouth, face, and jaws. this comprehensive literature review aimed to summarize the current evidence for etiology, diagnosis, and management of omd and assess the possibility of dental origin of the disease and dental treatment plans for these patients. different online databases namely pubmed, google scholar, and sc...

  Little is known about the results of pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in DYT6 dystonia. This will be the first report of DYT6 dystonia treated with pallidal DBS from Iran. A 21 years old male patient with DYT6 dystonia underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation. The target of DBS was the sensorimotor region of the posteroventralglobuspallidusinternus (GPi). DBS parameters included an amp...

Spasmodic dysphonia is a disabling voice condition caused by a chronic neurological disorder of central motor processing. Present therapy is directed at relief of symptoms rather than cure. Botulinum toxin type A injection into the thyroarytenoid muscle has become the pre-eminent approach for treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Botulinum toxin A injections can be performed in an out-pati...

Spasmodic Dysphonia (SD) patients (adductor type) are known to score very high on the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). 28 VHIanalyses were performed in patients diagnosed with spasmodic dysphonia (SD), before and after treatment with botulinum toxin. Patient’s voices were also analyzed perceptually and acoustically : 7 perceptual parameters (traditional and dedicated) were blindly rated by a panel o...