the premixed counterflow flames propagation in combustion of mixture which is a uniform mixture of fuel particles and air is analytically studied. this analysis framework is based on thermal-diffusion model with assumption that the lewis number is unit and the strain rate is constant. velocity profile is assumed as a function of one variable like x. the structure of the flame is presumed to con...

An experimental facility is developed to investigate critical heat flux (CHF) of saturated flow boiling of Refrigerant-123 (R-123) in microchannels. Six parallel Microchannels with cross sectional area of 0.2 mm × 0.2 mm are fabricated on a copper block, and a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) cover is then placed on top of the copper block to serve as a transparent cover through which flow patterns and...

Heat conduction after the application of a short laser pulse on opaque matter is calculated assuming simplifying conditions. The effect of the simplifications on real systems is discussed. It is found that Fourier’s law may reasonably be applied considerably above the temperature of vaporization of the substrate. Calculated and experimental ablation at nickel surfaces using fluences below thres...

background: the phase change materials (pcms) have the appropriate properties for controlling heat strain. one of the well-known pcms is paraffin. this study aimed to design the cooling vest from the cheap commercial paraffin compound and evaluation of its effectiveness under laboratory hot conditions. methods: the cooling vest was made of the polyester fabric and it had 17 aluminum packs. the ...

Boiling heat transfer has a combination of sensible liquid and latent due to vaporization. To examine the in boiling, thermometry liquid-vapor multiphase flow must play significant role. Although there are several optical methods proposed for boiling phenomena, it is challenging directly measure temperature field at relatively high flux many bubbles' interruption illumination observation. This ...

We study the latent heat of the liquid-gas phase transition in symmetric nuclear matter using self-consistent mean-field calculations with a few Skyrme forces. The temperature dependence of the latent heat is rather independent of the mean-field parametrization and can be characterized by a few parameters. At low temperatures, the latent heat tends to the saturation energy. Near the critical po...

Increases in microprocessor power dissipation coupled with reductions in feature sizes due to manufacturing process improvements have resulted in continuously increasing heat fluxes. The ever increasing chip-level heat flux has necessitated the development of thermal management devices based on spray and evaporative cooling. This lecture presents a comprehensive review of liquid and evaporative...