Background: Lateral meniscal tears are often seen with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and may be left in situ, repaired, or treated with meniscectomy. Clinical studies have shown good outcomes with vertical tears left in situ and poor outcomes following meniscectomy. However, clinically relevant studies are needed to establish a biomechanical foundation for treatment of these tea...

INTRODUCTION Lateral meningocele is a very rare disorder. It has been reported in patients with neurofibromatosis or Marfan's syndrome. Previous reports have described lateral meningoceles in the thoracic or cervical region. Lateral meningocele in the sacral area was reported in the literature only once. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a 3.5-year-old Iranian girl who presented with a lateral gl...

Material and Methods: Twenty Five patients including 13 females, 12 males with the mean age of 10.66 years (range, +0.7, -0.8 years) with skeletal Cl III malocclusion due to maxillary deficiency were selected in this study. All of the patients were treated by using a maxillary protraction (Tongue Appliance) as the only treatment appliance. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after treatm...

People must constantly select among potential thoughts and actions in the face of competition from (a) multiple task-relevant options (underdetermined competition) and (b) strongly dominant options that are not appropriate in the current context (prepotent competition). These types of competition are ubiquitous during language production. In this work, we investigate the neural mechanisms that ...

—Amphilophus citrinellus, A. zaliosus, and a recently described species, A. astorquii, were held in a large aquarium and allowed to mate. The species mated assortatively. Observations were made of the breeding fish and their offspring, and of additional fish raised in the laboratory, including A. labiatus. Amphilophus astorquii were distinguishable from A. zaliosus by having a less elongate lat...

21 The caudal dentate nucleus (DN) in lateral cerebellum is connected with two 22 visual/oculomotor areas of the cerebrum, the frontal eye field (FEF) and lateral 23 intraparietal (LIP) cortex. Many neurons in FEF and LIP produce “delay activity” 24 between stimulus and response that correlates with processes such as motor planning. 25 Our hypothesis was that caudal DN neurons would have promin...

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Dominant mutations in superoxide dismutase cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the loss of motor neurons. Using mice carrying a deletable mutant gene, diminished mutant expression in astrocytes did not affect onset, but delayed microglial activation and sharply slowed later disease progression. These findings demonstrate t...

Background Non-invasive ventilation is part of the standard of care for treatment of respiratory failure in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The NeuRx RA/4 Diaphragm Pacing System has received Humanitarian Device Exemption approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of respiratory failure in patients with ALS. We aimed to establish the safety and effi cacy ...

Neurons in the macaque lateral intraparietal (LIP) area exhibit firing rates that appear to ramp upward or downward during decision-making. These ramps are commonly assumed to reflect the gradual accumulation of evidence toward a decision threshold. However, the ramping in trial-averaged responses could instead arise from instantaneous jumps at different times on different trials. We examined s...