Zebrafish larvae show a robust behavior called rheotaxis, whereby they use their lateral line system to orient upstream in the presence of a steady current. At 5 days post fertilization, rheotactic larvae can detect and initiate a swimming burst away from a continuous point-source of suction. Burst distance and velocity increase when fish initiate bursts closer to the suction source where flow ...

BACKGROUND Female athletes are at significantly greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than male athletes in the same high-risk sports. Decreased trunk (core) neuromuscular control may compromise dynamic knee stability. HYPOTHESES (1) Increased trunk displacement after sudden force release would be associated with increased knee injury risk; (2) coronal (lateral), not sagitta...

Background: Anatomic single bundle is a widely accepted technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The research question: are transverse pins safe to fix the ACL graft on the femoral side in anatomic single bundle ACL reconstruction? Material and Methods: Ten cadaveric femoral dry bones were tested in this study. Thirty mm long sockets were prepared in the center of the anat...

The management of multiligament knee injury is a complex process starting with the adequate identification of the injury. A detailed physical and radiographic examination with a thorough understanding of knee anatomy is crucial to assess all damaged structures: anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, posteromedial corner including the medial collateral ligament, and posterolate...

The “deep lateral femoral notch” sign refers to an osteochondral impaction injury of the lateral femoral condyle that is associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). At the time of injury, the tibia translates anteriorly relative to the femur resulting in an impaction injury of the lateral femoral condyle against the posterior tibial plateau. Identification of the “deep” ...

The nerve originates from the L2/L3 segments and travels down, lateral to the psoas muscle. It crosses the iliacus muscle deep to the fascia and then passes through or under the lateral part of the inguinal ligament. It runs superficially and divides into anterior and posterior branches to innervate the lateral thigh. The course of the nerve can be variable. One study of cadaveric specimens fou...

‘]jlhe number of reports of pathologic processes involving the left pulmonary ligament (the triangular ligament) are few.’3 When present, such processes are frequently mistaken on chest x-ray films for other abnormal conditions. The pulmonary ligament produces no discernible shadow on either the posteroanterior or left lateral projection on a normal chest x-ray film. The radiographic significan...

While it is well known that ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in the United States, predictive factors regarding failure of conservative treatment are not well known. There are many biomechanical and epidemiological factors that play a role in recurrence and failure of conservative treatment, but most cases are able to be treated with immobilization and/or rest, ice, elevation, ...

We measured motion limits in human cadaveric knees before and after sectioning the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial structures. Sectioning the medial collateral ligament in an anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee increased the anterior translation limit at 90 degrees of flexion but not at 30 degrees of flexion. The tibia displaced straight anteriorly without exhibiting the coupled...

The majority of handball players with acute lateral ankle ligament injuries are now treated with functional treatment. The decision for this approach as the first choice is predominantly based on three factors: 1. that the majority will recover without chronic complaints, 2. its cost effectiveness and 3. the absence of potential postoperative risks. The impact therapy aims at an optimal return ...