BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root branching, and in particular acropetal branching, is a common and important developmental process for increasing the number of growing tips and defining the distribution of their meristem size. This study presents a new method for characterizing the results of this process in natura from scanned images of young, branched parts of excavated roots. The method involves the...

An apoplastic pathway, the so-called bypass flow, is important for Na+ uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline conditions; however, the precise site of entry is not yet known. We report the results of our test of the hypothesis that bypass flow of Na+ in rice occurs at the site where lateral roots emerge from the main roots. We investigated Na+ uptake and bypass flow in lateral rootless m...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of three different canal filling techniques. Sixty-four roots of extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared using ProTaper® rotary instruments. The specimens were then randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 16) and 2 control groups (n = 8). The root canals were filled using cold lateral compaction (CLC group), conti...

OBJECTIVES To investigate apical leakage of roots filled with 6 different gutta-percha techniques; Thermafil, JS Quick-Fill, Soft Core, Microseal, System B and lateral condensation using a new computerized filtration meter. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 extracted single rooted teeth were used. Coronal part of each tooth was removed and the root canals were prepared with step-back technique. The ro...

A technique is described for study of the kinetics of lateral transport of ions across single roots of corn, Zea mays, in short term experiments under steady state conditions. The kinetics of chloride transfer to the vessels reflected the kinetics of absorption of chloride by the root cells. Efflux from the root vacuoles contributed to only a small extent to transport of chloride into the exuda...

To identify key genes in the regulation of salt tolerance in the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorhiza, transcriptome profiling in the lateral and main roots under conditions of salt stress was performed. Statistical analysis revealed that 175 and 403 of 11,997 genes shoewd significantly increased high expression in the lateral and main roots respectively. One hundred and sixty genes were up-regu...

BACKGROUND The incidence of dentinal defects may influence the outcome of root canal treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal defects following root canal obturation with two different techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 110 mesial roots of human mandibular first molars were selected. Twenty-seven roots were left unprepared as negative ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS A previous paper (Annals of Botany 103: 673-685) described formation of clayey pavements in lateral root catchments of eucalypts colonizing a recently formed sand dune in south-west Western Australia. Here chemical and morphological aspects of their formation at the site are studied. METHODS Chemical and physical examinations of soil cores through pavements and sand under ...

Soil waterlogging reduces gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere, leading to oxygen deprivation in the rhizosphere. Brachiaria spp. are the most widelysown forage grasses in tropical America. Among commercial Brachiaria grasses, B. humidicola shows superior tolerance to waterlogged soils based on maintenance of growth and reduced leaf chlorophyll loss and senescence. However, little i...

Protein biosynthesis in Pisolithus Eucalyptus grandis ectomycorrhiza was related to the stage of ectomycorrhizal development using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins labelled by in vivo incorporation of 35S radiolabelled amino acids. Nineteen-day-old seedlings were radiolabelled and the primary root was divided into I-cm segments. With increasing distance from the ti...