An atom is one of the smallest units of matter, identifying a specific element. Lead is an element and is composed of atoms of lead; each lead atom behaves the same way when it interacts with other atoms. A molecule is a cluster of bound atoms which behave as a unit when interacting with atoms or other molecules. Materials made up of molecules are called compounds. The chemical and physical pro...

The ability of the physiologically essential divalent metals calcium and magnesium to inhibit the tumorigenic activities of lead and nickel towards the lungs of strain A mice was investigated. The tumorigenic salts lead(II) subacetate and nickel(II) acetate were injected i.p. at their maximal tolerated doses (0.04 mmol/kg/injection of each metal) for a total of 24 injections, whenever possible....

sub chronic exposure to lead in rats slows gastric emptying, but little is known about the effects of lead on gastric secretion. this study was designed to investigate the effects of lead on gastric acid secretion and its possible mechanisms in rats. lead acetate was dissolved in drinking water in a concentration of 1%. sodium acetate-containing water with a molar concentration similar to lead ...

In immature rat microvessels, endothelial cells and glioma cells, exposure to lead results in an increase in the level of protein kinase C in membranes. In this paper we have extended these studies to human erythrocytes and, in addition, studied the phosphorylation of membrane proteins. A significant increase in the phosphorylation of membrane cytoskeletal proteins of molecular mass 120, 80, 52...

Lead causes damage to the body by inducing oxidative stress. The sites of damage include the bone marrow, where marrow hypoplasia and osteosclerosis may be observed. Leaves of Carica papaya, which have antioxidant and haemopoietic properties, were tested against the effect of lead acetate in experimental rats. The rats were divided into 8 groups; control, lead acetate only, Carica papaya (50 mg...

Aim: The present investigation has been conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Curcuma longa against lead induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: For this study, 24 Wistar albino rats were taken. Control group (n=8), group – I rats (n=8) were given lead acetate @ 1000 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) and group – II rats (n=8) were treated with Curcuma longa @ 500 mg/kg BW along with lead ac...

A rapid method for the determination of relative absorption of dietary lead by rats is described. The influence of age, weight and dose rate has been determined and using standard conditions the tissue lead content of blood, kidney and femur are significantly correlated with each other and are a function of ingested lead. Eight lead compounds were evaluated using this technique and the findings...

Lead is a widely-spread environmental pollutant and a commonly-used industrial chemical that can cause multisystemic adverse health effects. However, the effects of lead exposure on diabetic animals have not been reported so far. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of lead exposure on thyroid, renal and oxidative stress markers in diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced with an ...

Lead intoxication is one of the most health hazards in humans at all ages. Lead impairs oxidant/antioxidant balance that can be partially responsible for the toxic effect of lead in the various organs of body especially cardiovascular system. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvacrol as anti-oxidative agent on hypertension and some blood parameters in lead poisone...