2 reduction in transport costs, the wide range of international agreements to facilitate trade and, in particular, by the spread of global and highly effective information and communication technologies. These changes contributed, in turn, to wider changes in the structure of international trade. The paper examines the forces that drove these changes and their impact on the less developed count...

The need for national information infrastructures (NII) in the world’s least developed countries (LDCs) tends to be overshadowed by the nation’s severe deficiencies in physical infrastructure. Consequently NII may be inadequately addressed by governments and supporting agencies in their plans for stimulating social growth. The example of Singapore’s TradeNet and other lesser-developed countries...

Rural communities in low-income countries rely on intermittent water supply, defined as access to for less than 24 h a day. The path continuous supply requires electricity well infrastructures, which turn the necessary finance investment. We show that sample of 16 Least Developed Countries (as classified by UN) do not yet meet minimum conditions implement mainly because they have finance. Build...

Studies of occupational exposures have made major contributions to our understanding of human carcinogenesis. About one third of the factors identified as definite or probable human carcinogens were first investigated in the workplace and these exposures exact a considerable toll on working populations. There are many additional workplace exposures that are suspect carcinogens that require furt...