Health sector reform in China has led to increasing responsibility for hospital managers in the management of staff; but constraints continue. New personnel reforms offer new opportunities but face a number of difficulties. Drawing on research in Chinese hospitals in 1997 this paper identifies two major obstacles to improved human resource management: wage policy and lack of control by local ma...

Wage Inequality and Job Insecurity among Permanent and Contract Workers in India: Evidence from Organized Manufacturing Industries Since the early 1990s, the employment structure of organised manufacturing industries in India has undergone substantial changes with the steep rise in the use of contract workers in place of permanent workers. This process has led to increased wage inequality, disc...

A Sample and Variable De…nitions This appendix expands on Section II.B to provide more detailed information on the construction of our analysis samples. As described in the text, we express all monetary variables in 2010 dollars, adjusting for in ‡ation using the o¢ cial IRS in ‡ation parameters used to index the tax system. Variable De…nitions for Tax Filers. We use two earnings concepts in ou...

In this article, we explore the causal relationship between wage share and economic growth for 11 Eastern European countries. The methodology used was wavelet coherency period 1995Q1 2020Q4. Our results reveal that acts as leading role increase most countries, only certain periods, wages can determine growth. Furthermore, find GDP increases cause to at different frequencies; there is a positive...

When Ecuador raised its monthly Unified Minimum Wage from $170 to $200 in 2008, it affected 35 percent of all private sector workers. We use this unexpected minimum wage hike under former president Rafael Correa assess the labor market impacts wage. an administrative dataset that covers formal workers by month. Adopting a differences-in-differences approach at firm level, we find led decrease d...

There are many studies on the Area Licensing Scheme in Singapore. One of the debatable issues is whether or not the congestion toll of $3 is too high. The main objective of this paper is to develop a simple method for estimating the congestion toll by directly using the commonly available trac count data. In our sensitivity analysis, we use three di€erent scenarios on the choice of the value o...

High unemployment has been a problem in Europe for three decades. The orthodox view points to the institutional rigidity of national labor markets in Europe as a principal cause of high unemployment, and to labor market ‘flexibilization’ as the cure. An alternative view argues that the problem of unemployment in Europe indicates macroeconomic policy failure – an insufficiency of aggregate effec...

â â â â  â  abstract â  most debates about the role of tariff cuts on the level of employment and rate of wages in labor market have come out of well-known hecscher – ohlin and stopler – samuelson (hos) theorems. considering the fact that we have divided the workforce into skilled and unskilled labors the present paper assesses the impacts of tariff cuts on labor market indicators in iran. ...