Leg length discrepancies can occur despite successful union of femur fractures after intramedullary nailing (IMN). Often, the leg length discrepancy can result in significant disability to the patient, altered gait biomechanics, pelvic obliquity, and pain. Therefore, a successful clinical result for such deformities after IMN involves addressing the leg length inequality. Femoral reconstruction...

Some replantation cases require substantial bone shortening for primary closure. Leg-length discrepancy can be restored by lengthening of the replanted or revascularized extremities. Between 1991 and 2000, four patients with four total and two subtotal below-knee amputations had replantation or revascularization for their severely damaged extremities. All of them had extensive debridement, vasc...

Accurate placement of components is imperative for successful outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although technology-assisted techniques offer the potential for greater accuracy in prosthesis positioning, the need for additional resources prevents their widespread use. The goal of this study was to compare primary THA procedures performed with and without intraoperative fluoroscopic g...

The magnitude of the medial offset and limb length discrepancy after a total hip arthroplasty (THA) significantly affects the biomechanics of the hip. If both of these components are not properly restored, the rate of dislocation may increase. In addition limb length inequality can be a cause for legal problems. We have used a method of intraoperative assessment to restore both the length and t...

Pathophysiology...........................................4 Clinical Findings ...........................................4 Natural History .............................................5 Hunka Classification ....................................7 Choi Classification .......................................8 Treatment .....................................................9 Painful Joint Degeneration...