[This corrects the article on p. 249 in vol. 65.].

Leishmaniases are worldwide diseases transmitted to the vertebrate host by the bite of an infected sand-fly. Sand-fly biting and parasite inoculation are accompanied by the injection of salivary molecules, whose immunomodulatory properties are actively being studied. This mini review focuses on how the interactions between sand-fly saliva and the immune system may shape the outcome of infection...

Immunosuppression in Hamsters with Progressive Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Associated with an Impairment of Protein Kinase C Activity in Their Lymphocytes That Can Be Partially Reversed by Okadaic Acid or Anti-Transforming Growth Factor Antibody Ananda Mookerjee, Parimal C. Sen, and Asoke C. Ghose* Departments of Microbiology and Chemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054...

Leishmaniasis is a vectorborne disease transmitted to human and other mammalian hosts by sand fly bite. In the present study, we show that immunization with Leishmania mexicana promastigote secretory gel (PSG) or with a chemically defined synthetic glycovaccine containing the glycans found in L. mexicana PSG can provide significant protection against challenge by the bite of infected sand flies...

We reported the case of a boy who fled from Chechnya to Belgium. He was diagnosed with a human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) coinfection. In both countries, the prevalence of HIV-infected children is low and VL is not endemic. Migration of people results in confrontation with diseases that are not frequent in the countries of destination and becomes a challenge for p...

Visceral leishmaniasis is a major neglected tropical disease, with an estimated 500,000 new cases and more than 50,000 deaths attributable to this disease every year. Drug therapy is available but costly and resistance against several drug classes has evolved. Despite all efforts, no commercial, let alone affordable, vaccine is available to date. Thus, the development of cost effective, needle-...

A generic miltefosine pharmaceutical product containing no active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis emerged in Bangladesh for use in the national elimination programme. Poor-quality drugs for the treatment of this fatal neglected tropical disease are life-threatening for the vulnerable patients using them but also have a devastating impact on public health an...

sponses are characteristic of autoimmune and infectious diseases. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the immunological basis of organ-specific autoimmune responses, whereby cell destruction by self-reactive immune effector cells leads to specific tissue pathology and disease1–3. More recently, significant advances have been made in understanding how some viruse...

The Leishmania homologue of activated C kinase (LACK) a known T cell epitope from soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) that confers protection against Leishmania challenge. This antigen has been found to be highly conserved among Leishmania strains. LACK has been shown to be protective against L. donovani challenge. A comprehensive analysis of several LACK sequences was completed. The analysis sho...