We report on an investigation of the environments of the SLACS sample of gravitational lenses. The local and global environments of the lenses are characterized using SDSS photometry and, when available, spectroscopy. We find that the lens systems that are best modelled with steeper than isothermal density profiles are more likely to have close companions than lenses with shallower than isother...

Contact lenses are increasingly used in laboratories for in vivo animal retinal imaging and pre-clinical studies. The lens shapes often need modification to optimally fit corneas of individual test subjects. However, the choices from commercially available contact lenses are rather limited. Here, we report a flexible method to fabricate customized hydrogel contact lenses. We showed that the fab...

Lenses are a mathematical structure for maintaining consistency between pair of systems. In their ongoing research program, Johnson and Rosebrugh have sought to unify the treatment symmetric lenses with spans asymmetric lenses. This paper presents diagrammatic approach categories, through representing propagation operations Mealy morphisms. The central result this is demonstrate that bicategory...

Of 1170 eyes implanted with posterior chamber lenses between 1981 and 1986 and having intact capsules at surgery, 1015 were examined two years after surgery, 741 were examined three years after surgery, and 308 were examined five years after surgery. At three years the capsulotomy rate for epithelium was 25% for 263 'lasergap' lenses, 2.4% for 296 convex posterior lenses, 8.2% for 73 planoposte...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of intraocular lenses (IOLs) generated by the manufacturing process and to determine the roughness parameters of 3D surface using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Intraocular lenses commercially available from a single manufacturer: Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. were investigated. Three intraocular lenses, model 911A CeeOn Edge, were analyzed o...

PURPOSE The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play distinct roles in the lens. However, the expression patterns and activity levels of various components for these pathways have not been well-documented in vertebrate lenses, especially human lens. In the present study, the expressions and activities of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2/3, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (...

Some individuals read more fluently when the text is coloured: i.e., when coloured sheets of plastic (overlays) are placed upon the page, or when coloured lenses are worn. Overlays provide a surface colour whereas lenses mimic a change in the colour of a light source. The neural mechanisms that underlie colour constancy ensure that the chromaticity of overlays and lenses is processed differentl...