Abstract Objectives: The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis plays a significant role in the regulation of energy expenditure. Previous reports demonstrated that thyroid hormones are critically involved metabolic process, and hypothyroidism was induced by fasting. mechanism which TRH neurons sense alterations peripheral stores is supposed to be regulated leptin, an adipose tissue-derived ...

Starvation causes a rapid reduction in thyroid hormone levels in rodents. This adaptive response is caused by a reduction in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) expression that can be reversed by the administration of leptin. Here we examined hypothalamic signaling pathways engaged by leptin to upregulate TRH gene expression. As assessed by leptin-induced expression of suppressor of cytokine si...

Leptin is a hormone primarily secreted by adipocytes and participating in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Its blood levels usually correlate with adiposity. The secretion of this hormone is affected, among others, by food consumption, insulin, fasting and cold exposure. Regulation of leptin secretion depends on many intracellular events. It is known that the activation of ...

Leptin, the product of obese (ob or Lep) gene, was first cloned in teleost fish 2005, more than a decade after its identification mammals. This because bony and mammalian leptins share very low amino acid sequence identity, which suggests different functionality leptin system compared to that Indeed, major differences are evident between system. Thus, for instance, is synthesized released by ad...

The risk of hypertension is increased by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth. In the search for modifiable etiologies for this life-threatening cardiovascular morbidity, a number of pathways have been investigated, including excessive glucocorticoid exposure, nutritional deficiency and aberration in sex hormone levels. As a neurotrophic hormone that is intimately involved i...

Leptin is a hormone released from adipose tissue. While this hormone normally acts to reduce feeding behavior and increase energy expenditure, in obesity, resistance to these effects occurs even though the hormone is released in large amounts. Although leptin no longer works to suppress feeding in the obese, leptin retains its potent effects on other autonomic functions such as blood pressure r...

BACKGROUND Obesity is part of the established risk factors for breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal females. Circulating leptin increases in parallel with the increase of body weight and fat reservoir. METHODS This research investigated the link between leptin phenotype and the clinicopathological factors in BC. A large set of breast cancer cases (449), and 27 non-cancerous tissue samples of ...

Introduction: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is involved in stress and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, CRH receptors also exist within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and Central Amygdala (CeA) nuclei. The present study compared the effect of CRH microinjections into PVN and CeA on three consecutive hours and cumulative food intake, internal regulatory factors of food intake, su...

Several studies suggest that leptin modulates hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis functions. Leptin may stimulate release of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and of gonadotrophins from the pituitary. A synchronicity of luteinizing hormone (LH) and leptin pulses has been described in healthy women and in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome, suggesting that lepti...

Studies seeking a dominant site of action for the hormone leptin have focused on leptin receptor-expressing neuropeptidergic neurons. In this issue, Vong et al. show that leptin regulates energy homeostasis predominantly via a distributed network of GABAergic neurons.