This report describes the activities of 168 chemicals tested in a standard transformation assay using A-31-1-13 BALB/c-3T3 cells. The data set includes 84 carcinogens, 77 noncarcinogens, and 7 research chemicals. Carcinogens included 49 mutagens and 35 nonmutagens; noncarcinogens included 24 mutagens and 53 nonmutagens. The transformation assay did not use an exogenous activation system, thus, ...

To establish the sublethal concentrations domain, acute and chronic oral tests were conducted on caged honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L) using imidacloprid and a metabolite, 5-OH-imidacloprid, under laboratory conditions. The latter showed a 48-h oral LD50 value (153 ng per bee) five times higher than that of imidacloprid (30 ng per bee). Chronic feeding tests indicated that the lowest observ...

As part of our continuing research on isoquinoline acaricidal drugs, this paper reports the preparation of a series of the 2-aryl-1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with various substituents on the N-phenyl ring, their in vitro acaricidal activities against Psoroptes cuniculi, a mange mite, and discusses their SAR as well. The structures of all compounds, including 12 new ones, were elucid...

Bioassays were carried out in the laboratory to determine the virulence of two Beauveria bassiana indigenous isolates on the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. LC50 and LT50 values were taken as indices for the efficacy of fungal isolates, designated as Bb1 and Bb2, collected from Ismailia governorate in Egypt and isolated from soil and trap larvae of G. mellonella, respectively. The larvae ...

'Rescue' experiments were performed on mice to compare the efficacy of i.v. verapamil, box-jellyfish antivenom, and a combination of both agents to counter the effects of toxic material extracted from the tentacles of Chironex fleckeri. In each of three series of experiments, four sets of mice were injected with doses of Chironex tentacle extracts containing approximately 4 mg/ml protein which ...

Results of past animal studies have indicated the antifertility effects of phthalate esters and additional studies have suggested the potential mutagenic effects at very high doses. A toxicity study in mice has also been conducted in which chronic LD50 values were calculated for a group of phthalate esters. For DEHP, for example, the acute LD50 was 38.35 ml/kg, but after 10 weeks the value fell...

BACKGROUND Malaria still remains a public health problem in Iran. There are different vector control interventions such as insecticide spraying. The present study was carried out to determine the susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi larvae to temephos as a national plan for monitoring and mapping of insecticide resistance. METHODS Eight different localities in two main malarious provi...

AIM We undertook studies to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD50) of acridine orange (AO) using mice in order to confirm the safety of intravenous administration of AO. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 40 mice and AO was administered once intravenously. General behavior and mortality were continuously observed for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed for subsequent st...

Ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing chemicals (UV filters) are used in personal care products for the protection of human skin and hair from damage by UV radiation. Although these substances are released into the environment in the production and consumption processes, little is known about their ecotoxicology effects. The acute toxicity and potential ecological risk of UV filters benzophenone-3 (BP-3) ...

Venoms are among the most biologically active secretions known, and are commonly believed to evolve under extreme positive selection. Many venom gene families, however, have undergone duplication, and are often deployed in doses vastly exceeding the LD50 for most prey species, which should reduce the strength of positive selection. Here, we contrast these selective regimes using snake venoms, w...