We propose a general framework to attach the licensing terms to the data where the compatibility of the licensing terms concerning the data affected by a query is verified, and, if compatible, the licenses are combined into a composite license. The framework returns the composite license as licensing term about the data resulting from the query.

This paper considers the impact of the intellectual property (IP) system on the timing of cooperation/licensing by start-up technology entrepreneurs. If the market for technology licenses is efficient, the timing of licensing is independent of the patent grant date, and productive efficiency considerations will result in licensing as early as possible after invention. In contrast, the need for ...

Natural killer (NK) cells acquire effector function through a licensing process and exert anti-leukemia/tumor effect. However, there is no means to promote a licensing effect of allogeneic NK cells other than cytomegalovirus reactivation-induced licensing in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in human. In mice, a licensing process is mediated by Ly49 receptors which recognize se...

Recent growth of the embedded system industry, both in size and complexity, resulted in numerous advantages for the consumer equipment and a few problems for the system designers. One of the problems is the software licensing problem in complex embedded systems. The fact that today’s embedded systems are evolved into fairly large and complex systems presents the need to effectively manage the e...

This paper revisits the licensing of a non–drastic process innovation by an outside innovator to a Cournot oligopoly. We propose a new mechanism that combines a restrictive license auction with royalty licensing. This mechanism is more profitable than standard license auctions, auctioning royalty contracts, fixed–fee licensing, pure royalty licensing, and two-part tariffs. The key features are ...

In this paper we consider licensing of innovations in markets with differentiated products. We analyze models where firms compete in prices and are offered by an outsider innovator an innovation that increases the quality of their product. We examine the licensing policies of auction, fixed fee, linear royalty and their combination; the optimal number of licensees, the effect of the licensing p...

This paper analyses the policy implications of licensing between producers of differentiated goods. We consider and compare two-part tariff, fixed fee, royalty and collusive licensing contracts. Under the optimal licensing policy, there will be no technology transfers if the innovation size is sufficiently small and degree of product differentiation is sufficiently low. On the other hand, licen...

The theoretical literature on the cumulative innovation process has emphasized the role of ex-ante licensing namely, licensing agreements negotiated before the follow-on innovator has sunk its R&D investment in mitigating the risk of hold-up of future innovations. In this paper, we consider a patent-holder and a follow-on innovator bargaining over the licensing terms in a context where the form...

Licensing models and license management systems are going through major changes because the traditional shrink-wrapped software way of licensing does not meet the needs of the modern software market. In particular the emergence of new platforms, such as mobile computing and the assumption by software vendors of clients possessing network connected software, will revolutionize how software is li...

Unlike some European countries, there have been few motor scooters and mopeds on Australian roads and licensing and training of these riders has received little attention. However, recent increases in the sales of scooters (many of which are officially mopeds) have stimulated interest in how these vehicles can be best managed in Australia. This paper reviews local and international approaches t...